Fig. 5

In vitro inhibition of the antisera induced by VLP-PSOP25 vaccine on ookinete formation. The inhibition activity of induced antisera was evaluated by two approaches: a active immunization method and b in vitro dilution method. Ookinetes were cultured under the same conditions, and 0.5 μl of mixed ookinete cultures was used to make smears following staining with Pbs21 mAb for ookinete counting. Data were representative of three separate experiments. Error bars were indicated as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 represent the significant difference between the respective vaccination groups and the PBS control group. ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 and ####P < 0.0001 indicate significant differences between two immunization groups. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was used for the statistical analysis