Fig. 4

A–E Results of affinity propagation clustering (APC) using microsatellite (MS) genotyping data (n = 39), based on Bruvo's distance. A Variation in the number of parasite clusters indicated by APC. B Results of the principal coordinate analysis (colours correspond to the two clusters identified by APC). C Minimum spanning network of haplotypes (colour denotes parasite clusters according to APC; circle size corresponds to the total number of individuals with the same MS type; branch thickness is proportional to inferred genetic distance between haplotypes). D Geographic distribution of Toxoplasma gondii-positive squirrels (n = 39) harbouring the T. gondii MS types (n = 32; colours correspond to those of the clusters in B). E Representatives of the parasite clusters over time. Representatives of each of the clusters were observed for all of the periods, except for 2018–2019, for which there were only four typed samples