Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on the growth and development of housefly larvae. The different treatments had significant effects on the body weight (a), body length (b), pupal weight (c), pupation rate (d), eclosion rate (e) and development duration (f) of housefly larvae. The BB cocktail consisted of 5 beneficial bacteria phage (EhX phage Phc, KX phage Pkc, Ec phage Pec, Lf phage Pfc and Bs phage Pbc) mixed at 1:1 at the same concentration of 10⁹ PFU/ml. The HBP cocktail consisted of 2 harmful bacteria phage (Y12 phage Ppc and Ef phage EfP) mixed at 1:1 at the same concentration of 10⁹ PFU/ml. The BB cocktail consisted of 5 beneficial bacteria (EhX, KX, Ab, Ec, Lf and Bs) were mixed at 1:1 at the same concentration of 10⁹ CFU/ml. The HB cocktail consisted of 2 harmful bacteria (Y12 and Ef) mixed at 1:1 at the same concentration of 10⁹ CFU/ml. BB, Beneficial bacteria cocktail; BBP, beneficial bacteria phage cocktail; CFU, colony-forming units; HB, harmful bacteria cocktail; HBP, harmful bacteria phage cocktail; LB, Luria-Bertani liquid medium (negative control); PFU, plaque-forming units