Fig. 4

The mean number of fed Ixodes ricinus larvae infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from bank voles, wood mice, and common shrews captured in southeast Norway (2018–2022) as a function of host infection, larval burden, larval feeding on a live host, and larval infection. The number of fed and infected larvae was calculated for an equal host species abundance of 100 individuals per species. The error bars denote the interquartile range