Fig. 1
Larval mosquito excretion. Mean ammonia (NH3) detection in parts per million (ppm) from larval rearing water after third–fourth-instar Aedes aegypti larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations of sucrose (suc), erythritol (ery), or a combination. Control groups consisted of only liver powder food (LP) or a no-food starvation control (Starve). Water was analyzed at 4 h (light bars; F8,44 = 22.50, P < 0.0001) and 24 h (dark bars; F8,44 = 21.74, P < 0.0001). Bar graphs are represented with I-bars as standard error of the mean. Groups are annotated (a–d) for ANOVA/Tukey HSD with shared letters being insignificantly different