Fig. 2

a Field trial 1: The sensor and trap deployed near Can Comas, a nineteenth century country house located in the Baix Llobregat Agrarian Park in the municipality of El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (41.341286, 2.078259). The park is a protected natural and rural space located in the alluvial plains of the delta and the lower basin of the Llobregat River. Land use in the area includes rainfed and irrigated agricultural crops (mainly fruit and vegetables), livestock (primarily sheep), and the Barcelona-El Prat International Airport. b Field trial 2: The sensor and trap deployed in the backyard of a private house in a residential area of Rubí, Barcelona, Spain (41.472816, 2.032258). The area is a typical peri-urban area, comprising detached houses with a garden or small sparsely planted orchard, some green areas with playgrounds and sport zones, roads, and services such as petrol stations and supermarkets. The neighborhood is bounded by two creeks which are tributaries to the Llobregat River