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Table 2 Percentages of the genotypic (n) and the mutant [1014F] allelic (95% confidence interval) frequencies of the kdr gene in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations by period and species using a layered 2 × 3 × 3 contingency table

From: The frequency of kdr and ace-1 alleles in Anopheles gambiae s.l. before and during indoor residual spraying (IRS) implementation and four years after IRS withdrawal in three districts in Atacora, Benin

Species

Period

Mos (n)

RR

1014F/1014F

RS

1014L/1014F

SS

1014L/1014L

F

[1014F allele]

P

Ag

BIRS

80

40% (32)a

58% (46)a

3% (2)a

69% (62–76%)

 < 0.001

 

DIRS

90

77% (69)b

22% (20)b

1% (1)a

88% (83–93%)

 
 

WIRS

833

89% (739)c

6% (48)c

6% (46)a

92% (90–93%)

 

Non-Ag

BIRS

1

0% (0)

100% (1)a,b

0% (0)

50% (0–0%)

0.020

 

DIRS

10

50% (5)a

50% (5)b

0% (0)

75% (56–94%)

 
 

WIRS

78

63% (49)a

15% (12)a

22% (17)

71% (63–78%)

 

Total

BIRS

81

40% (32)a

58% (47)a

3% (2)a

69% (61–76%)

 < 0.001

 

DIRS

100

74% (74)b

25% (25)b

1% (1)a

87% (82–91%)

 
 

WIRS

911

87% (788)c

7% (60)c

7% (63)a

90% (88–91%)

 
  1. Each superscript letter denotes a subset of genotype categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level. BIRS, before IRS; DIRS (2010), during IRS (2016); WIRS, 4 years after IRS withdrawal (2020); Ag, An. gambaiae s.s. only; Non-Ag, all other An. gambiae s.l. sibling species. Frequency of the 1014F allele with the 95% confidence interval