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Table 3 Percentages of the genotypic (n) and the mutant [119S] allelic (95% confidence interval) frequencies of the ace-1 gene in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations by period and location using a layered 3 × 3 × 3 contingency table

From: The frequency of kdr and ace-1 alleles in Anopheles gambiae s.l. before and during indoor residual spraying (IRS) implementation and four years after IRS withdrawal in three districts in Atacora, Benin

Location

Period

Mos (n)

RR

119S/119S

RS

119G/119S

SS

119G/119G

F

[119S allele]

P

Boukoumbé

BIRS

27

0% (0)

0% (0)

100% (27)a

0% (0–0%)

 < 0.001

 

DIRS

31

0% (0)

42% (13)b

58% (18)b

21% (11–31%)

 
 

WIRS

277

0% (0)

5% (15)a

95% (262)a

3% (1–4%)

 

Péhunco

BIRS

28

0% (0)

7% (2)a,b

93% (26)a

4% (−1% to 8%)

 < 0.001

 

DIRS

33

9% (3)

24% (8)b

67% (22)b

21% (11–31%)

 
 

WIRS

554

0% (0)

7% (40)a

93% (514)a

4% (3–5%)

 

Toucountouna

BIRS

26

0% (0)

4% (1)a

96% (25)a

2% (−2% to 6%)

0.001

 

DIRS

36

3% (1)

31% (11)b

67% (24)b

18% (9–27%)

 
 

WIRS

80

0% (0)

6% (5)a

94% (75)a

3% (0–6%)

 

Total

BIRS

81

0% (0)

4% (3)a

96% (78)a

2% (0–4%)

 < 0.001

 

DIRS

100

4% (4)

32% (32)b

64% (64)b

20% (14–26%)

 
 

WIRS

911

0% (0)

7% (60)a

93% (851)a

3% (2–4%)

 
  1. Each superscript letter denotes a subset of genotype categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level. BIRS, before IRS; DIRS (2010), during IRS (2016); WIRS, 4 years after IRS withdrawal (2020). Frequency of the 119S allele with the 95% confidence interval