Fig. 1

Distribution area of Triatoma garciabesi based on Ceccarelli et al. [24] and extended to the Paraguayan populations included in this study. Filled circles indicate the location of the studied populations, with dark-purple circles corresponding to the populations assigned to the Eastern lineage by coI analysis and lilac circles corresponding to populations assigned to the Western lineage by coI analysis. Numbers correspond to the population code in Table 1. Ecoregions are according to Dinerstein et al. [88] (https://ecoregions.appspot.com/). coI, Cytochrome c oxidase I gene