Fig. 4

Toxoplasma gondii induces cytokinesis failure in human and bovine host cells. HUVEC, HFF, FHs74, BSIEC and BCEC were infected with T. gondii tachyzoites, and fixed 24 h p.i. with PFA and stained against DAPI (nuclear marker, blue), β-catenin (membrane marker, green) and T. gondii (red). As in the scheme, binucleated cells were those cells with more than one nucleus per cell (A). The total number of binucleated cells was normalized to the total number of cells counted and presented as a percentage in the graphs. The results showed that all tested cell lines increased the percentage of binucleated cells after infection with T. gondii (B, C). Graph bars represent the median ± SD of three biological replicates