Table 1 Summary of the studies on metal accumulation in parasites published after the review paper of Sures [12]. Elements marked in bold were accumulated to a higher degree in the parasites than in the host tissues; ranges of bioconcentration factors with reference to host tissues were provided only for these elements

limnetic

Acanthocephalus anguillae

Perca fluviatilis

l

Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb

field

2.2–29.1

[157]

Squalius cephalus

i

Ag, Cd, Cu,Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1–29.1

[158]

limnetic

Acanthocephalus lucii

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, go

Pb

field

9–55

[159]

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, k, hr, br

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.3–170.7

[160]

Perca fluviatilis

m, go

Hg

field

BCF < 1

[161]

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, k, hr, br

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Ni Pb, Zn

field

1.2–370

[162]

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, go

Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn

field

2.2–194

[163]

limnetic

Acanthogyrus sp.

Oreochromis niloticus

m, i,l

Pb

field

102–147

[164]

terrestrial

Moniliformis moniliformis

Rattus rattus

l, k

Cd, Pb

field

1.2–86.9

[35]

"urban rat"

m, l, k

Cd, Cr

field

4.7–17.1

[165]

limnetic

Pomphorhynchus laevis

Barbus barbus

m, i,l

As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn

field

1.2–1,070

[166]

Barbus barbus

m, i,l

As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, Sn, V, Zn

field

1.2–337

[27]

Perca fluviatilis

l

Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb

field

1.9–57.6

[157]

Squalius cephalus

i

Ag, Cd, Cu,Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1.3–112.5

[158]

marine

Anthobothrium sp.

Carcharhinus dussumieri

m, i, l, go

Cd, Pb

field

21.4–1,175

[25]

limnetic

Bathybothrium rectangulum

Barbus barbus

m

Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb

field

1.2–2.3

[167]

limnetic

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

Labeobarbus kimberleyensis

m, l, sc

As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, Te, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn,

field

na

[168]

limnetic

Caryophyllaeus laticeps

Chondrostoma nasus

m, i, l, gi

Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn

field

3–9.7

[169]

marine

Clestobothrium crassiceps

Merluccius merluccius

m, l, k

As, Hg, Se

field

BCF < 1

[170]

terrestrial

Gallegoide sarfaai

Apodemus sylvaticus

m, l, k

Cd, Pb

field

6.2–24

[171]

marine

Gyrocotyle plana

Callorhinchus capensis

m, i, l, k, go

Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn

field

1.1–23.4

[172]

terrestrial

Hymenolepis diminuta

"urban rat"

m, l, k

Cd, Cr

field

2.7–11.6

[165]

Meriones libycus

i, l, k

Pb

field

7.55–21.9

[173]

Rattus norvegicus

m, i, l, k, bo, te

Pb

experimental

2.6–210

[174]

marine

Lacistorhynchus dollfusi

Citharichthys sordidus

m, i, l

Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Ti, Zn

field

1.9–117.6

[175]

limnetic

Ligula intestinalis

Rastreneobola argentea

whole fish

Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb

field

2.5–18

[46]

Tinca tinca

m, l, go

Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb

field

1.6–37.4

[176]

Tinca tinca

l

Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr

field

1.2–3

[177]

Abramis brama, Blicca bjoerkna, Rutilus rutilus

m

Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb

field

2.3–35.6

[167]

terrestrial

Mesocestoides spp.

Vulpes vulpes

l, k

Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.9–52

[178]

terrestrial

Moniezia expansa

Ovis aries

m, l, k

Pb

experimental

4.0–458.5

[179]

terrestrial

Moniezia expansa

Ovis aries

m, k

Cd

experimental

1.5–31

[180]

terrestrial

Mosgovoyia ctenoides

Oryctolagus cuniculus

i, l, k

As, Cd, Pb, Hg

field

1.36–2.58

[181]

terrestrial

Paranoplocephala dentata

Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestris

l, k

Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.7–37

[182]

marine

Paraorigmatobothrium sp.

Carcharhinus dussumieri

m, i, l, go

Cd, Pb

field

410–1,112.9

[25]

marine

Polypocephalus sp.

Himantura cf. gerarrdi

m, i

Cd, Pb

field

5.2–6.1

[183]

limnetic

Proteocephalus macrocephalus

Anguilla anguilla

m, l, k

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Zn

field

2.1–15.8

[184]

limnetic

Proteocephalus percae

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, k, hr, br

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.8–149.0

[160]

Perca fluviatilis

m, l, k, hr, br

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.7–234

[162]

terrestrial

Raillietina micracantha

Columba livia

m, l, k, fe

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn

field

6.1–79.8

[185]

marine

Rhinebothrium sp. 1

Himantura cf. gerarrdi

m, i

Cd, Pb

field

1.2–2.5

[183]

marine

Rhinebothrium sp. 2

Glaucostegus granulatus

m, i

Cd, Pb

field

2.4–3.7

[183]

terrestrial

Rodentolepis microstoma

Mus domesticus

m, l, k

Cd, Pb

field

1.2–60.6

[35]

limnetic

Senga parva

Channa micropeltes

m, i, l, k

Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

na

[186]

terrestrial

Skrjabinotaenia lobata

Apodemus sylvaticus

m, l, k

Cd, Pb

field

8.5–81.4

[187]

terrestrial

Taenia taenaeiformis

"urban rat"

m, l, k

Cd, Cr

field

2.7–11.6

[165]

marine

Tatragonocephalum sp.

Himantura cf. gerarrdi

m, i

Cd, Pb

field

1.6–1.8

[183]

terrestrial

Tetrabothrius bassani

Morus bassanus

m, l, k

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn

field

6.9–9.5

[188]

limnetic

Aguillicola crassus

Anguilla anguilla

m, l,k

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Zn

field

1.31

[184]

Anguilla anguilla

m, l, sb, sk

Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

25.5

[189]

marine

Anisakis sp.

Dicentrarchus labrax

m, l, gi

Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

2–16

[190]

marine

Ascaris sp.

Liza vaigiensis

m, i

As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn

field

26.5–400

[191]

terrestrial

Contracaecum spp.

Phalacrocorax auritus

m

Hg

field

1.4

[192]

limnetic

Acestrorhynchus lacustris

m, l

Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn

field

4.1–98.2

[193]

marine

Dichelyne minutus

Chasar bathybius

i, l

Cu, Zn

field

19–194

[28]

marine

Echinocephalus sp.

Liza vaigiensis

m, i

As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn

field

20.6–360

[191]

limnetic

Eustrogylides sp.

Barbus barbus

m, i, l

As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, Sn, V, Zn

field

1.4–123

[27]

marine

Hysterothylacium sp.

Trichiurus lepturus

m, i, l, go

Cd, Pb

field

1.4–1,173.5

[194]

marine

Hysterothylacium aduncum

Pagellus erythrinus

m, i, l, sb, sk

Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1.1–113.9

[195]

Sparus aurata

m, i, l, gi, sk

Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1.63–7.31

[196]

Solea solea

m, l, gi, k

Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.27–80

[197]

marine

Hysterothylacium reliquens

Nemipterus peronii

m, l, k

Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn

field

1.6–185

[198]

marine

Paraphilometroides nemipteri

Nemipterus peronii

m, l, k

Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn

field

1–1,861.2

[198]

limnetic

Philometra ovata

Gobio gobio

m

Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn

field

3.2–121.7

[199]

limnetic

Procamallanus spp.

Synodontis clarias

i

Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1.4–22.2

[200]

marine

Proleptus obtusus

Rhinobatos annulatus, Rhinobatos blochii

m, i, l, k, go

Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn

field

BCF < 1

[172]

terrestrial

Toxascaris leonina

Vulpes vulpes

l, k

Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

field

1.2–7.7

[178]

terrestrial

Brevimulticaecum tenuicolle, Dujardinascaris waltoni, Eustrongylides sp., Goezia sp., Ortleppascaris antipini, Terranova lanceolata

Alligator mississippiensis

l

As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn

field

1–102

[30]

terrestrial

Drepanocephalus spathans

Phalacrocorax auritus

m

Hg

field

1.3

[192]

terrestrial

Fasciola gigantica

buffaloes

m, l

Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn

field

1.5–4.7

[31]

terrestrial

Fasciola hepatica

buffaloes

m, l

Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn

field

1.8–3.6

[31]

marine

Neoapocreadium chabaudi

Balistes capriscus

m, l, k

Se, Hg

field

BCF < 1

[201]

marine

Robphildollfusium fractum

Sarpa salpa

m, l, k

Se, Hg

field

1.2–7.15

[201]

limnetic

Siphodera spp.

Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus

i

Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn

field

1.2

[200]

terrestrial

Acanthostomum pavidum, Archaeodiplostomum acetabulata, Protocaecum coronarium, Pseudocrocodilicola georgiana, P. americana, Timoniella loosi

Alligator mississippiensis

l

As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn

field

1–1,154

[30]

limnetic

Ancyrocephalus mogurndae

Siniperca chuatsi

m, l, k, gi

Pb

field

na

[34]

terrestrial

Sabekia mississippiensis

Alligator mississippiensis

l

As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn

field

3–399

[30]