Fig. 1

High-transmission setting: prevalence (left) and heavy intensity infection prevalence (right) in SAC and adults during 30 years of control. Shaded regions represent the 95% prediction interval (i.e. 95% of all stochastic simulations lie within this region). a MDA targeted at SAC with 75% coverage. b Cohort vaccination (at 1- and 10 years-old). c Cohort vaccination (at 1- and 10 years-old) and a catch-up campaign in the first year. d Mass SAC vaccination, every 5 years. In all cases the vaccine is assumed to offer 10 years protection