De la Fuente J, Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM, Kocan KM, Sonenshine DE. Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. Front Biosci. 2008;13:6938–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015;29:341–55.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Eckert B, Omidian Z, Sadr Shirazi N, Parviz S. Babesia ovis as the main causative agent of sheep babesiosis in Iran. J Parasitol Res. 2012;110:1531–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Bastos AD, Mohammed OB, Bennett NC, Petevinos C, Alagaili AN. Molecular detection of novel Anaplasmataceae closely related to Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Microbiol. 2015;179:310–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li H, Zheng YC, Ma L, Jia N, Jiang BG, Jiang RR, et al. Human infection with a novel tick-borne Anaplasma species in China: a surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:663–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sazmand A, Harl J, Eigner B, Hodžić A, Beck R, Hekmatimoghaddam S, et al. Vector-borne bacteria in blood of camels in Iran: new data and literature review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;65:48–53.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karlsen A, Vojtek B, Mojžišová J, Prokeš M, Drážovská M. Anaplasmosis in Animals. Folia. Veterinaria. 2020;64:17–26.
Google Scholar
Ismail N, Bloch KC, McBride JW. Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. J Clin Lab Med. 2010;30:261–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Thomas RJ, Dumler JS, Carlyon JA. Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2009;7:709–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sainz Á, Roura X, Miró G, Estrada-Peña A, Kohn B, Harrus S, Solano-Gallego L. Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:75.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harris RM, Couturier BA, Sample SC, Coulter KS, Casey KK, Schlaberg R. Expanded geographic distribution and clinical characteristics of Ehrlichia ewingii infections United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:862–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Heitman KN, Dahlgren FS, Drexler NA, Massung RF, Behravesh CB. Increasing incidence of ehrlichiosis in the United States: a summary of national surveillance of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii infections in the United States, 2008–2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94:52–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Regunath H, Rojas-Moreno C, Olano JP, Hammer RD, Salzer W. Early diagnosis of Ehrlichia ewingii infection in a lung transplant recipient by peripheral blood smear. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017;19:e12652.
Article
Google Scholar
Tajedin L, Bakhshi H, Faghihi F, Telmadarraiy Z. High infection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. among tick species collected from different geographical locations of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2016;6:787–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Pourhossein B, Irani AD, Mostafavi E. Major infectious diseases affecting the Afghan immigrant population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015002.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nematiniya A. Geocultural Inter-relations of Iranian and Pakistani Balochistan in the Globalization Era. J Subcontinent Res. 2013;15:135–52.
Google Scholar
Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Oshaghi MA, Shayan P, Vatandoost H, Babamahmoudi F, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, et al. Anaplasma infection in ticks, livestock and human in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2014;8:204–11.
Google Scholar
Jafarbekloo A, Bakhshi H, Faghihi F, Telmadarraiy Z, Khazeni A, Oshaghi MA, et al. Molecular detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia infection in ticks in borderline of Iran-Afghanistan. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;7:919–26.
Google Scholar
Han R, Yang JF, Mukhtar MU, Chen Z, Niu QL, et al. Molecular detection of Anaplasma infections in ixodid ticks from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Infect Dis Poverty. 2019;8:1–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rar V, Golovljova L. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11:1842–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shkap V, Kocan K, Molad T, Mazuz M, Leibovich B, Krigel Y, et al. Experimental transmission of field Anaplasma marginale and the A. centrale vaccine strain by Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks. Vet Microbiol. 2009;134:254–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Estrada-Pena A, Bouattour A, Camicas J, Walker AR. Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region. Zaragoza: University of Zaragoza; 2004.
Google Scholar
Hosseini-Chegeni A, Hosseine R, Tavakoli M, Telmadarraiy Z, Abdigoudarzi M. The Iranian Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) with a key to the identification of male species. Persian J Acarol. 2013;2:503–29.
Google Scholar
Hosseini-Chegeni A, Tavakoli M, Telmadarraiy Z. The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Syst Appl Acarol. 2019;24:2133–66.
Google Scholar
Rar VA, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Kozlova IV, Pukhovskaya MN, Vysochina NP, et al. Prevalence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in Ixodes persulcatus ticks and small mammals from different regions of the Asian part of Russia. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008;298:222–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95–8.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lew AE, Gale KR, Minchin CM, Shkap V, de Waal DT. Phylogenetic analysis of the erythrocytic Anaplasma species based on 16S rDNA and GroEL (HSP60) sequences of A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis and the specific detection of A. centrale vaccine strain. Vet Microbiol. 2003;92:145–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goldman EE, Breitschwerdt EB, Grindem CB, Hegarty BC, Walls JJ, Dumler JS. Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. J Vet Intern Med. 1998;12:61–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Whitcomb RF, French FE, Tully JG, Gasparich GE, Rose DL, Carle P, et al. Spiroplasma chrysopicola sp. nov., Spiroplasma gladiatoris sp. nov., Spiroplasma helicoides sp. no., and Spiroplasma tabanidicola sp. nov., from Tabanid (Diptera: Tabanidae) Flies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1997;47:713–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Gasparich GE, Whitcomb RF, Dodge D, French FE, Glass J, Williamson DL. The genus Spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and roots of the Mycoplasma mycoides clade. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2004;54:893–918.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33:1870–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jafar Bekloo A, Ramzgouyan MR, Shirian S, Faghihi F, Bakhshi H, Naseri F, et al. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp., isolated from various ticks in southeastern and northwestern regions of Iran. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2018;18:252–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rehman A, Conraths FJ, Sauter-Louis C, Krücken J, Nijhof AM. Epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in the semi-arid and the arid agro-ecological zones of Punjab province. Pakistan Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019;66:526–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bekloo AJ, Bakhshi H, Soufizadeh A, Sedaghat MM, Bekloo RJ, Ramzgouyan MR, et al. Ticks circulate Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia and Theileria parasites in North of Iran. Vet Parasitol. 2017;248:21–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jabbar A, Abbas T, Saddiqi HA, Qamar MF, Gasser RB. Tick-borne diseases of bovines in Pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:283.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kasi KK, von Arnim F, Schulz A, Rehman A, Chudhary A, Oneeb M, et al. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from livestock in Balochistan. Pakistan Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020;67:1543–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karim S, Budachetri K, Mukherjee N, Williams J, Kausar A, Hassan MJ, et al. A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005681.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Soosaraei M, Motavalli Haghi M, Etemadifar F, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, et al. Status of Anaplasma spp., infection in domestic ruminants from Iran: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;11:e00173.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Biglari P, Bakhshi H, Chinikar S, Belqeiszadeh H, Ghaffari M, Javaherizadeh S, et al. Hyalomma anatolicum as the main infesting tick in an important livestock rearing region, central area of Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47:742–9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Davari B, Alam FN, Nasirian H, Nazari M, Abdigoudarzi M, Salehzadeh A. Seasonal distribution and faunistic of ticks in the Alashtar county (Lorestan Province). Iran Pan Afr Med J. 2017;27:284–99.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spitalska E, Namavari MM, Hosseini MH, Shad-Del F, Amrabadi OR, Sparagano OA. Molecular surveillance of tick-borne diseases in Iranian small ruminants. Small Ruminant Res. 2005;57:245–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Khazeni A, Telmadarraiy Z, Oshaghi MA, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Abtahi SM. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in ticks population collected on dogs in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardebil province. Iran J Biomed Sci Eng. 2013;6:1–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Choubdar N, Oshaghi MA, Rafinejad J, Pourmand MR, Maleki-Ravasan N, Salehi-Vaziri M, et al. Effect of meteorological factors on Hyalomma species composition and their host preference, seasonal prevalence and infection status to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019;13:268–83.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Estrada-Peña A, Gray JS, Kahl O, Lane RS, Nijhoff AM. Research on the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens—methodological principles and caveats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:29.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Choubdar N, Karimian F, Koosha M, Oshaghi MA. An integrated overview of the bacterial flora composition of Hyalomma anatolicum, the main vector of CCHF. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15:e0009480.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moore TC, Pulscher LA, Caddell L, von Fricken ME, Anderson BD, Gonchigoo B, et al. Evidence for transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae circulating in Northern Mongolia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006696.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Estrada IA, García-Ortiz MA, Preciado de la Torre JF, Rojas-Ramírez EE, Hernández-Ortiz R, Alpírez-Mendoza F, Camarillo SDR. Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by unfed Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae under experimental conditions. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu. 2020;11:116.
Article
Google Scholar
Alanazi AD, Nguyen VL, Alyousif MS, Manoj RR, Alouffi AS, Donato R, et al. Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh Province. Saudi Arabia Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:110.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Motaghipisheh S, Akhtardanesh B, Ghanbarpour R, Aflatoonian MR, Khalili M, Nourollahifard SR, et al. Ehrlichiosis in household dogs and parasitized ticks in Kerman-Iran: preliminary zoonotic risk assessment. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2016;10:245–51.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guo W-P, Huang B, Zhao Q, Xu G, Liu B, Wang YH, et al. Human-pathogenic Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp., in animals in Xi’an China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006916.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Cabezas-Cruz A, Gallois M, Fontugne M, Allain E, Denoual M, Moutailler S, et al. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma ovis in goats in Corsica. France Parasit Vectors. 2019;12:3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuttler KL. Anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. J Wildl Dis. 1984;20:12–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yousefi A, Rahbari S, Shayan P, Sadeghi-dehkordi Z, Bahonar A. Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goat in west highland pasture of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2017;7:455–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Khodadadi N, Nabavi R, Sarani A, Saadati D, Ganjali M, Mihalca AD, et al. Identification of Anaplasma marginale in long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) and their Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks in Iran. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12:101641.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar