Fig. 2

Effect of hTNF-α on the developmental stages and dimensions of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. a The proportion of eggs at each developmental stage for the control and hTNF-α-treated adult pairs after 5 days of treatment. Eggs were classified as inviable or at stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 according to the morphological development of the embryo/miracidium. The chi-square test was applied among all conditions (P < 0.0001) and between each treatment condition vs the negative control (*** P < 0.001). b Mean ± SEM of egg length (y-axis; µm) at each developmental stage for the treatment groups. c Mean ± SEM of egg width (y-axis; µm) at each developmental stage for the treatment groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test (a) or ANOVA (b) was applied. * P < 0.01, ** P < 0.001, *** P < 0.0001