Table 2 Mean concentration of polyphenol subgroups, and the mean degree of polymerisation and subunit ratio of proanthocyanidins detected in the heather extracts used in in vitro tests, obtained from the ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (n = 2)
Country | Season | Heather species | Galloyl derivatives (mg/g) | HHDP derivatives (mg/g) | Quinic acid derivatives (mg/g) | Kaempferol derivatives (mg/g) | Quercetin derivatives (mg/g) | Myricetin derivatives (mg/g) | PC subunits of PA (mg/g) | PD subunits of PA (mg/g) | Total PAs (PC + PD) (mg/g) | mDP of PA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UK | Winter | Calluna vulgaris | 0.20 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.33 (0.10) | 0.35 (0.02) | 0.97 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.00) | 3.85 (0.37) | 0.16 (0.01) | 4.01 (0.37) | 6.90 (0.00) |
Spring | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.90 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.00) | 3.96 (0.30) | 0.12 (0.01) | 4.07 (0.31) | 9.31 (0.10) | ||
Germany | Winter | 0.30 (0.01) | 0.17 (0.03) | 1.31 (0.02) | 1.26 (0.02) | 1.66 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.00) | 4.57 (0.11) | 0.20 (0.00) | 4.77 (0.12) | 7.13 (0.01) | |
Spring | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.51 (0.06) | 0.61 (0.04) | 0.91 (0.08) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.77 (0.17) | 0.05 (0.05) | 2.82 (0.22) | 8.58 (0.06) | ||
Norway | Winter | 0.41 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.17 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.01) | 1.53 (0.01) | 0.19 (0.00) | 3.94 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.00) | 4.12 (0.02) | 7.23 (0.03) | |
Spring | 0.37 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.87 (0.05) | 0.47 (0.01) | 1.35 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.01) | 4.56 (0.21) | 0.15 (0.01) | 4.71 (0.22) | 8.19 (0.11) | ||
Switzerland | Winter | 0.30 (0.07) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.23 (0.34) | 0.97 (0.11) | 1.47 (0.11) | 0.06 (0.06) | 4.43 (0.70) | 0.22 (0.03) | 4.65 (0.73) | 7.37 (0.03) | |
Spring | 0.20 (0.00) | 0.18 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.52 (0.00) | 0.79 (0.00) | 0.22 (0.01) | 2.82 (0.05) | 0.22 (0.00) | 3.04 (0.05) | 8.05 (0.03) | ||
Spain | Winter | 0.22 (0.02) | 0.17 (0.00) | 1.42 (0.11) | 0.62 (0.03) | 1.34 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.05) | 4.41 (0.36) | 0.50 (0.04) | 4.91 (0.40) | 10.6 (0.04) | |
Spring | 0.36 (0.00) | 0.33 (0.01) | 1.57 (0.00) | 0.82 (0.01) | 2.06 (0.03) | 0.16 (0.00) | 5.79 (0.06) | 0.61 (0.00) | 6.40 (0.06) | 12.2 (0.07) | ||
Winter | Erica cinerea | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.29 (0.01) | 0.19 (0.00) | 0.80 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.01) | 3.48 (0.10) | 0.48 (0.02) | 3.96 (0.12) | 9.87 (0.06) | |
Spring | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.14 (0.01) | 1.47 (0.02) | 0.19 (0.00) | 0.81 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.00) | 3.55 (0.05) | 0.68 (0.00) | 4.24 (0.05) | 11.4 (0.04) |