Cryptosporidiosis, caused by Cryptosporidium spp., is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, seriously threatening the health of humans and many animals [1, 2]. Considering that the severity of cryptosporidiosis is closely associated with host status, especially immunity, understanding the host response to infection is critical to effectively develop well-directed control strategies against cryptosporidiosis [3].
Microarray analysis is a sensitive tool to accurately investigate differentially expressed circRNAs during many disease processes [4,5,6,7,8]. It is based on hybridization and fluorescence detection and uses specific probes targeting the back-spliced junction of each circRNA. CapitalBio Technology Human CircRNA Array, which was used in our study, also has its own analyzing software, GeneSpring, and GeneSpring supports normalization processing and analysis of differential circRNAs of original data from microarray analysis. Therefore, we used this software to process our microarray data. Due to the generally mild impact of Cryptosporidium infection on host cell gene transcription compared to other pathogens [9,10,11,12], to obtain as many differentially expressed genes as possible, we chose fold changes > 2 combined with P ≤ 0.05 as the threshold to preliminarily screen differentially expressed circRNAs in the microarray analysis in our article [3]. The criterion of P <0.05 or P ≤ 0.05 was also used by recent studies [13,14,15,16]. From the subsequent verification of the experimental results, circRNAs of interest obtained using the threshold of P ≤ 0.05 are stable and accurate. Certainly, the unadjusted P-value will introduce false positives during multiple comparisons, as stated by Wang et al. [17], in their Letter to the Editor published commenting on our article. To reduce this possibility, expression of the circRNA of interest, ciRS-7, was further verified by using real-time PCR in multiple repetitions in our article. This protocol is also a standard method to select genes of interest for subsequent experiments [15, 16, 18, 19].
Nowadays, several software packages and models have been used to define significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes during multiple comparisons. Three R packages, namely limma, DESeq2 and edge R, are commonly used to analyze DE genes for microarray and RNA-seq data. Of these, both limma and DESeq2 are quite reliable and are not much different for multiple comparisons of these data, with > 90% of genes detected overlapping between the two methods [20]. It should be noted that limma can find the accurate DE genes better but obtains fewer significant DE genes because of its rigorous screening criteria, while DESeq2 is more suitable when more possible candidate DE genes are expected. However, both methods are preliminary screening tools that will inevitably introduce false-positive/negative results to a certain extent. Therefore, the convincing expression of candidate DE genes should be further confirmed by other more precise methods with multiple repetitions, such as the real-time PCR used in our article. Since Cryptosporidium infection has a mild impact on host cell gene transcription, here we further analyzed our microarray data by using DESeq2 for multiple comparisons using Benjamini-Hochberg correction and identified a total of 26 significantly DE circRNAs (Additional file 1: Table S1) using the standard of adjusted P value < 0.05 and | Log2 (fold change [FC]) | ≥ 1.0, including our circRNA of interest, ciRS-7 (P = 0.030272316 and Log2 FC = 2.497972579).
Collectively, the protocol for selecting circRNAs of interest for further study in our article is acceptable and did not affect the subsequent scientific findings. We welcome further discussions of our article.
