Articles

Mosquito blood-feeding patterns and nesting behavior of American crows, an amplifying host of West Nile virus

Although American crows are a key indicator species for West Nile virus (WNV) and mount among the highest viremias reported for any host, the importance of crows in the WNV transmission cycle has been called i...

Authors: Sarah S. Wheeler, Conor C. Taff, William K. Reisen and Andrea K. Townsend

Acaricidal activity of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) against the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is linked to its content of (E)-cinnamaldehyde

The tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Neumann) is a well-known vector of numerous pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Various control strategies, including the use of synthetic pesticides, have been dev...

Authors: Chuks F. Nwanade, Min Wang, Tianhong Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Can Wang, Zhijun Yu and Jingze Liu

Correction to: Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity, praziquantel effectiveness and reinfection rate among children and young adults in Gabon

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Jean Claude Dejon-Agobé, Jean Ronald Edoa, Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji, Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou, Bayodé Roméo Adégbitè, Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese, Ance Mangaboula, Bertrand Lell, Tamirat Gebru Woldearegai, Martin Peter Grobusch, Benjamin Mordmüller and Ayôla Akim Adegnika

Genetic diversity of vector-borne pathogens in spotted and brown hyenas from Namibia and Tanzania relates to ecological conditions rather than host taxonomy

Improved knowledge on vector-borne pathogens in wildlife will help determine their effect on host species at the population and individual level and whether these are affected by anthropogenic factors such as ...

Authors: Jürgen Krücken, Gábor Á. Czirják, Sabrina Ramünke, Maria Serocki, Sonja K. Heinrich, Jörg Melzheimer, M. Carolina Costa, Heribert Hofer, Ortwin H. K. Aschenborn, Nancy A. Barker, Stefano Capodanno, Luís Madeira de Carvalho, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Marion L. East and Bettina Wachter

Indoor residual spraying practices against Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco: contributing factors to suboptimal insecticide delivery to treated households

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides is a key method to reduce vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease in a large part of South America. However, the successes of IRS in the Gra...

Authors: Raquel Gonçalves, Rhiannon A. E. Logan, Hanafy M. Ismail, Mark J. I. Paine, Caryn Bern and Orin Courtenay

Early onset of clinical leishmaniosis in a litter of pups with evidence of in utero transmission

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Although usually transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, infection by vertical transmission and by blood transfusion have also been...

Authors: Harold Salant, Yaarit Nachum‑Biala, Barbara Feinmesser, Maya Perelmutter and Gad Baneth

Correction to: First multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans in Romania

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Carmen Costache, Zsuzsa Kalmár, Horațiu Alexandru Colosi, Alina Mihaela Baciu, Răzvan Vlad Opriş, Adriana Györke and Ioana Alina Colosi

Metabolic profiling of liver and faeces in mice infected with echinococcosis

Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease which severely affects the health of the hosts. The diagnosis of echinococcosis depends mainly on imaging examination. However, the patient is often in the...

Authors: Mingxing Zhu, Xiancai Du, Hongxia Xu, Songhao Yang, Chan Wang, Yazhou Zhu, Tingrui Zhang and Wei Zhao

Excretion of Histomonas meleagridis following experimental co-infection of distinct chicken lines with Heterakis gallinarum and Ascaridia galli

Histomonosis is a severe re-emerging disease of poultry caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite which survives in the environment via the cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum. Following infection, the p...

Authors: Gürbüz Daş, Lukas Wachter, Manuel Stehr, Ivana Bilic, Beatrice Grafl, Patricia Wernsdorf, Cornelia C. Metges, Michael Hess and Dieter Liebhart

Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio^®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs

The speed with which acaricides paralyze and kill ticks is relevant to impeding pathogen transmission. The objective of this study was to assess early-onset lotilaner effects on the motility and weights of Amblyo...

Authors: Martha J. Wenger, Todd M. Kollasch, Madeline C. Burke, Livvy Jones, Casey Locklear, Makaela Hedberg, Lauren Miller, Sydnie Reeves, Debra Ritchie, Anthony J. Rumschlag, William G. Ryan, Vicki Smith, Cameron Sutherland, Kathryn E. Reif and Brian H. Herrin

Frequency of detection and load of amastigotes in the pancreas of Leishmania infantum-seropositive dogs: clinical signs and histological changes

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and is highly lethal in humans and dogs if left untreated. The frequency of this parasite and associated histological changes in the ...

Authors: William de Oliveira Kost, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Fabiano Borges Figueiredo, Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Junior, Maria de Fátima Madeira, Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de Oliveira, Luiz Cláudio Ferreira, Fernanda Nazaré Morgado and Rodrigo Caldas Menezes

Comparison of four outdoor mosquito trapping methods as potential replacements for human landing catches in western Kenya

Longitudinal monitoring of outdoor-biting malaria vector populations is becoming increasingly important in understanding the dynamics of residual malaria transmission. However, the human landing catch (HLC), t...

Authors: Bernard Abong’o, John E. Gimnig, Bradley Longman, Tobias Odongo, Celestine Wekesa, Amos Webwile, Benjamin Oloo, Mercy Nduta, Margaret Muchoki, Diana Omoke, Daniel Wacira, Kevin Opondo, Eric Ochomo, Stephen Munga, Martin J. Donnelly and Richard M. Oxborough

Screening and identification of Theileria annulata subtelomere-encoded variable secreted protein-950454 (SVSP454) interacting proteins from bovine B cells

Theileria annulata is a protozoan parasite that can infect and transform bovine B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of the transformation is still not well understood, and some parasite molec...

Authors: Zhi Li, Junlong Liu, Quanying Ma, Aihong Liu, Youquan Li, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo and Hong Yin

Comparison of mitochondrial genome and development of specific PCR primers for identifying two scuticociliates, Pseudocohnilembus persalinus and Uronema marinum

Pseudocohnilembus persalinus and Uronema marinum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), as parasitic scuticociliatid ciliates, were isolated from Scophthalmus maximus and Takifugu rubripes, respectively, in our previous ...

Authors: Yu-Xi Huang, Sen Wang, Yan-Qi Gao, Jie-Hu Chen, Xiu-Li Wang and Rui-Jun Li

Poor vector competence of the human flea, Pulex irritans, to transmit Yersinia pestis

The human flea, Pulex irritans, is widespread globally and has a long association with humans, one of its principal hosts. Its role in plague transmission is still under discussion, although its high prevalence i...

Authors: Adélaïde Miarinjara, David M. Bland, James R. Belthoff and B. Joseph Hinnebusch

Successful experimental infant baboon model for childhood cryptosporidiosis studies

Cryptosporidiosis causes high morbidity and mortality in children under 2 years of age globally. The lack of an appropriate animal model that mimics the pathogenesis of disease in humans has hampered the devel...

Authors: Ngalla E. Jillani, Atunga Nyachieo, Daniel C. Chai and James Nyabuga Nyariki

Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review

Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely...

Authors: Soon Jian Gan, Yong Qi Leong, Muhammad Fakrul Hakim bin Barhanuddin, Siew Tung Wong, Shew Fung Wong, Joon Wah Mak and Rohani Binti Ahmad

The effects of DENV serotype competition and co-infection on viral kinetics in Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of several medically important arthropod-borne viruses, including multiple serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Competition within the...

Authors: M. Novelo, M. D. Audsley and E. A. McGraw

TBP and SNAP50 transcription factors bind specifically to the Pr77 promoter sequence from trypanosomatid non-LTR retrotransposons

Trypanosomatid genomes are colonized by active and inactive mobile DNA elements, such as LINE, SINE-like, SIDER and DIRE retrotransposons. These elements all share a 77-nucleotide-long sequence at their 5′ end...

Authors: Francisco Macías, Raquel Afonso-Lehmann, Patricia E. Carreira and M. Carmen Thomas

Spatial and temporal population dynamics of male and female Aedes albopictus at a local scale in Medellín, Colombia

Diseases transmitted by invasive Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are public health issues in the tropics and subtropics. Understanding the ecology of mosquito vectors is essential for the developmen...

Authors: Carolina Camargo, Catalina Alfonso-Parra, Sebastián Díaz, Diego F. Rincon, Luis Felipe Ramírez-Sánchez, Juliana Agudelo, Luisa M. Barrientos, Sara Villa-Arias and Frank W. Avila

Fine-scale estimation of key life-history parameters of malaria vectors: implications for next-generation vector control technologies

Mosquito control has the potential to significantly reduce malaria burden on a region, but to influence public health policy must also show cost-effectiveness. Gaps in our knowledge of mosquito population dyna...

Authors: Aaron L. Morris, Azra Ghani and Neil Ferguson

A strong effect of individual compliance with mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis on sustained clearance of soil-transmitted helminth infections

The impact of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole (ALB; 400 mg) alone on lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was assessed during two trials conducted...

Authors: Jérémy T. Campillo, Naomi P. Awaca-Uvon, Jean-Paul Tambwe, Godefroy Kuyangisa-Simuna, Johnny Vlaminck, Gary J. Weil, Michel Boussinesq, Cédric B. Chesnais and Sébastien D. S. Pion

Evaluation on two types of paramyosin vaccines for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations in rabbits

Haemaphysalis longicornis is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that transmits a variety of pathogens causing life-threatening diseases in humans and animals. Paramyosin (Pmy) is not only an invertebrate-spec...

Authors: Pin-Xing Wu, Xue-Jiao Cui, Mi-Xue Cao, Li-Hong Lv, Hong-Meng Dong, Shu-Wen Xiao, Jing-Ze Liu and Yong-Hong Hu

Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedae is a widespread and economically significant disease of rabbits. The lack of studies on the life-cycle development and host interactions of E. stiedae at the molecular level ...

Authors: Yue Xie, Jie Xiao, Xuan Zhou, Xiaobin Gu, Ran He, Jing Xu, Bo Jing, Xuerong Peng and Guangyou Yang

Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with ...

Authors: William Robbins, Gary Conboy, Spencer Greenwood and Roland Schaper

Diagnosis and clinical management of canine leishmaniosis by general veterinary practitioners: a questionnaire-based survey in Portugal

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) can be appropriately managed following international recommendations. However, few studies have assessed the preferred protocols in real-life veterinary practice and whether these a...

Authors: Marta Monteiro, Sara Prata, Luís Cardoso, Isabel Pereira da Fonseca and Rodolfo Oliveira Leal

Filaricidal activity of Daniellia oliveri and Psorospermum febrifugum extracts

Drugs currently used for controlling onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are mainly microfilaricidal, with minimal or no effect on the adult worms. For efficient management of these diseases, it is ne...

Authors: Melanie Abongwa, Moses Samje, Godfred A. Ayimele, Smith B. Babiaka, Christina Bulman, Judy Sakanari, Nick J. Koszewski, Saurabh Verma, Jesse Goff, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Richard J. Martin and Alan P. Robertson

Lack of detectable short-term effects of a single dose of ivermectin on the human immune system

Ivermectin is widely used in human and animal medicine to treat and prevent parasite nematode infections. It has been suggested that its mode of action requires the host immune system, as it is difficult to re...

Authors: Natalie E. Wilson, Barbara J. Reaves and Adrian J. Wolstenholme

Mosquito vector proteins homologous to α1-3 galactosyl transferases of tick vectors in the context of protective immunity against malaria and hypersensitivity to vector bites

An epitope, Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R, termed α-gal, is present in glycoconjugates of New World monkeys (platyrrhines) and other mammals but not in hominoids and Old World monkeys (catarrhines). The difference is...

Authors: Ranjan Ramasamy

The effects of plant cysteine proteinases on the nematode cuticle

Plant-derived cysteine proteinases of the papain family (CPs) attack nematodes by digesting the cuticle, leading to rupture and death of the worm. The nematode cuticle is composed of collagens and cuticlins, b...

Authors: Victor S. Njom, Tim Winks, Oumu Diallo, Ann Lowe, Jerzy Behnke, Mark J. Dickman, Ian Duce, Iain Johnstone and David J. Buttle

Recent aspects on epidemiology, clinical disease, and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii infections in Australasian marsupials

Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Among all intermediate hosts of T. gondii, captive marsupials from Australia and New Zealand are highly susceptible to clinical toxoplasmos...

Authors: Jitender P. Dubey, Fernando H. A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C. H. Kwok, Chunlei Su and Michael E. Grigg

Temperature and food sources influence subadult development and blood-feeding response of Culicoides obsoletus (sensu lato) under laboratory conditions

Culicoides obsoletus (s.l.) is the most abundant Culicoides species in northern Europe and an important vector of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus. Nevertheless, information on its subadult life stages re...

Authors: Claudia Van den Eynde, Charlotte Sohier, Severine Matthijs and Nick De Regge

Field study to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a novel orally administered combination drug product containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner (Credelio^® Plus) against natural flea and tick infestations on dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe

A pivotal randomised, blinded, positive-controlled, multicentre, European field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel combination tablet of lotilaner and milbemycin oxime (Cre...

Authors: Sophie Forster, Scott Wiseman and Daniel E. Snyder

Atypical behavior of a black fly species connects cavity-nesting birds with generalist blood parasites in an arid area of Spain

The feeding behavior of bloodsucking insects determines the transmission, distribution, host spectrum and evolution of blood parasites in the wild. Conventional wisdom suggests that some vector groups (e.g. bl...

Authors: Nayden Chakarov, Jesús Veiga, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo and Francisco Valera

Global trend of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. malaria infections in the last two decades (2000–2020): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of non-falciparum malaria, including Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp., is increasing, with some complications in infected individuals. The aim of this revi...

Authors: Joseph Hawadak, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana and Vineeta Singh

Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review

Parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, helminths, and arthropods, are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Consequently, hosts are frequently infected with more than one parasite species simulta...

Authors: Dávid Herczeg, János Ujszegi, Andrea Kásler, Dóra Holly and Attila Hettyey

lncRNA028466 regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and associates with Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 immunity

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). The recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 (rEg.P29) was shown to confer effective immunity to sheep and ...

Authors: Chan Wang, Song-Hao Yang, Nan Niu, Jia Tao, Xian-Cai Du, Ji-Hui Yang, Ming-Xing Zhu, Ya-Na Wang and Wei Zhao

An update on the distribution of Glossina (tsetse flies) at the wildlife-human-livestock interface of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Glossina (tsetse flies) biologically transmit trypanosomes that infect both humans and animals. Knowledge of their distribution patterns is a key element to better understand the transmission dynamics of trypanos...

Authors: Richard S. Gashururu, Samuel M. Githigia, Methode N. Gasana, Richard Habimana, Ndichu Maingi, Giuliano Cecchi, Massimo Paone, Weining Zhao, Daniel K. Masiga and James Gashumba

Diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome species circulating in the area of Lake Iro in southeastern Chad

African trypanosomiases are vector-borne diseases that affect humans and livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. Although data have been collected on tsetse fauna as well as trypanosome infections in tsetse flies and...

Authors: Djoukzoumka Signaboubo, Vincent Khan Payne, Ibrahim Mahamat Alhadj Moussa, Hassane Mahamat Hassane, Petra Berger, Soerge Kelm and Gustave Simo

Seropositivity to canine tick-borne pathogens in a population of sick dogs in Italy

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) associated to ticks are among the most important health issues affecting dogs. In Italy, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia conorii and Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) ha...

Authors: Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Giovanni Benelli, Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos, Viet-Linh Nguyen, Giuseppe Conte, Roberta Iatta, Tommaso Furlanello and Domenico Otranto

Ecology, seasonality and host preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, populations

Sand flies are principal vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. and are widely distributed in all warmer regions of the world, including the Mediterranean parts of Europe. In Central European countrie...

Authors: Edwin Kniha, Markus Milchram, Vít Dvořák, Petr Halada, Adelheid G. Obwaller, Wolfgang Poeppl, Gerhard Mooseder, Petr Volf and Julia Walochnik

Report of the 2018 annual meeting of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vector Control Working Group: harnessing skills and knowledge for malaria elimination across the Asia Pacific

The 2018 Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network’s Vector Control Working Group (APMEN VCWG) annual meeting took place 3–5 September 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand. It was designed to be a forum for entomology and...

Authors: Latifeh Dahmash, Allison Tatarsky, Fe Esperanza Espino, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Michael B. Macdonald, Jettsumon Sattabongkot Prachumsri, Pradeep Srivastava, Christina Rundi and Jeffrey Hii

Evaluation of factors influencing tick bites and tick-borne infections: a longitudinal study

Various tick-borne infections like borreliosis and rickettsiosis pose a health risk to humans in many parts of the world. We investigated seroprevalence of and seroconversion to Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsi...

Authors: Bo Bødker Jensen, Mie Topholm Bruun, Per Moestrup Jensen, Andreas Kristian Pedersen, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Sigurdur Skarphedinsson and Ming Chen

Credelio® Plus: a novel oral endectocide for dogs

Authors: Donato Traversa

Long-term and acute safety of a novel orally administered combination drug product containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner (Credelio^® Plus) in juvenile and adult dogs

The combination of milbemycin oxime (MO) and lotilaner (Credelio^® Plus) is a novel systemic endectocide that provides month-long effectiveness in dogs after a single oral treatment. The safety of Credelio^® Plus f...

Authors: Kari L. Riggs and Scott Wiseman

Field study to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a novel orally administered combination drug product containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner (Credelio^® Plus) for the prevention of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) in client-owned dogs in the USA

Dirofilaria immitis, a globally distributed filarial parasite of dogs, is known to cause serious or fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Client-owned dogs were enrolled in a clinical field study in the USA to evaluate ...

Authors: Lisa M. Young, Scott Wiseman, Elizabeth Crawley, Kim Wallace and Daniel E. Snyder

Spatio-temporal modelling of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean)

Reunion Island regularly faces outbreaks of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic diseases, two insect-borne orbiviral diseases of ruminants. Hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)...

Authors: Yannick Grimaud, Annelise Tran, Samuel Benkimoun, Floriane Boucher, Olivier Esnault, Catherine Cêtre-Sossah, Eric Cardinale, Claire Garros and Hélène Guis

Identification of tick-borne pathogens by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Dermacentor nuttalli and Ixodes persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China

Hard ticks act as arthropod vectors in the transmission of human and animal pathogens and are widely distributed in northern China. The aim of this study is to screen the important tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) ...

Authors: Jun Jiao, Zhiyu Lu, Yonghui Yu, Yangxuan Ou, Mengjiao Fu, Yuee Zhao, Nier Wu, Mingliang Zhao, Yan Liu, Yi Sun, Bohai Wen, Dongsheng Zhou, Qinghong Yuan and Xiaolu Xiong

Proteomics analysis reveals that the proto-oncogene eIF-5A indirectly influences the growth, invasion and replication of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite

The proliferative stage (tachyzoite) of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is critical for its transmission and pathogenesis, and a proto-oncogene eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) plays an important r...

Authors: Xinchao Liu, Chunjing Li, Xiaoyu Li, Muhammad Ehsan, Mingmin Lu, Ke Li, Lixin Xu, Ruofeng Yan, Xiaokai Song and XiangRui Li

Temporal and geographic analysis of trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several Trichinella species around the world. In Chile, the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades, but has been neglected in recent years. The ...

Authors: Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, Salvador Ayala, Denis Poblete-Toledo and Mauricio Canals