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  1. During analysis of retrospective community survey data, we identified two patients from Xiji County, south Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region with simultaneous echinococcosis and tuberculosis (TB), representing the...

    Authors: Yu Rong Yang, Darren J Gray, Magda K Ellis, Shu Kun Yang, Philip S Craig and Donald P McManus
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:53
  2. The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania (L.) infantum (Nicolle), the causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in the New World. Male Lu. longipalpis have secretory glan...

    Authors: Reginaldo P Brazil, Norath Natalia Caballero and James Gordon C Hamilton
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:51
  3. Within the last 25 years, after the introduction of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicoloides crassus from East-Asia to Europe, a body of work has aggregated on the host parasite interactions in the acquired host...

    Authors: Emanuel G Heitlinger, Dominik R Laetsch, Urszula Weclawski, Yu-San Han and Horst Taraschewski
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:48
  4. Tick modulation of host defenses facilitates both blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Several tick species deviate host T cell responses toward a Th2 cytokine profile. The majority of studies of modulatio...

    Authors: Venkata D Boppana, Saravanan Thangamani, Francisco J Alarcon-Chaidez, Adam J Adler and Stephen K Wikel
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:47
  5. Since 2002, macrocyclic lactone resistance has been reported in populations of Parascaris equorum from several countries. It is apparent that macrocyclic lactone resistance developed in response to exclusive and/...

    Authors: Craig R Reinemeyer
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  6. Given the increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites, parasitologists now recommend traditional treatment approaches to be abandoned and replaced by more sustainable strategies. It is of ...

    Authors: Martin K Nielsen
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  7. Genetic resistance against benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics is widespread in cyathostomins, the commonest group of intestinal parasitic nematodes of horses. Studies of BZ-resistant nematodes of sheep, particul...

    Authors: Sarah L Lake, Jacqueline B Matthews, Ray M Kaplan and Jane E Hodgkinson
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  8. In the framework of a trial carried out in 2008 in Europe to evaluate the efficacy of major parasiticides against horse cyathostomins, pre- and/or post-treatment Faecal Egg Counts (FEC) were evaluated in a tot...

    Authors: Piermarino Milillo, Albert Boeckh, Rami Cobb, Domenico Otranto, Riccardo P Lia, Stefania Perrucci, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Paola Beraldo, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Janina Demeler, Roberto Bartolini and Donato Traversa
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  9. For the control of worm infections, the strategic use of anthelmintics, often accompanied by additional farm and/or pasture management procedures, is currently applied on most horse farms in industrialized cou...

    Authors: Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Donato Traversa, Janina Demeler, Karl Rohn, Piermarino Milillo, Sandra Schurmann, Riccardo Lia, Stefania Perrucci, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Paola Beraldo, Helen Barnes, Rami Cobb and Albert Boeckh
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  10. A large survey was carried out in 2008 in Europe to evaluate the efficacy of fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel (PYR), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX), i.e. the major anthelmintic molecules used in current pra...

    Authors: Donato Traversa, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Janina Demeler, Piermarino Milillo, Sandra Schürmann, Helen Barnes, Domenico Otranto, Stefania Perrucci, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Paola Beraldo, Albert Boeckh and Rami Cobb
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 2):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 2

  11. Hookworm is still one of the three main soil-transmitted helminths prevalent in China, and 39 million cases infected with hookworm were estimated in China in 2006.

    Authors: Qi Zheng, Ying Chen, Hao-Bing Zhang, Jia-Xu Chen and Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:44
  12. Hard ticks have been identified as important vectors of rickettsiae causing the spotted fever syndrome. Tick-borne rickettsiae are considered to be emerging, but only limited data are available about their pre...

    Authors: Hein Sprong, Peter R Wielinga, Manoj Fonville, Chantal Reusken, Afke H Brandenburg, Fred Borgsteede, Cor Gaasenbeek and Joke WB van der Giessen
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:41
  13. Severe side effects following ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loaisis have been an impediment for the work of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) in fo...

    Authors: Samuel Wanji, Nicholas Tendongfor, Theolbald Nji, Mathias Esum, Julious N Che, Armand Nkwescheu, Fifen Alassa, Geremy Kamnang, Peter A Enyong, Mark J Taylor, Achim Hoerauf and David W Taylor
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:39
  14. Mass drug administration (MDA) is the emphasis of an ongoing global lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination program by the World Health Organization, in which the entire 'at risk' human population is treated ann...

    Authors: Corey L Brelsfoard, William St Clair and Stephen L Dobson
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:38
  15. Human infection by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium affects more than 50 million people worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. Cysticercosis which arises from larval encystation can be...

    Authors: Carolina R Almeida, Patricia H Stoco, Glauber Wagner, Thaís CM Sincero, Gianinna Rotava, Ethel Bayer-Santos, Juliana B Rodrigues, Maísa M Sperandio, Antônio AM Maia, Elida PB Ojopi, Arnaldo Zaha, Henrique B Ferreira, Kevin M Tyler, Alberto MR Dávila, Edmundo C Grisard and Emmanuel Dias-Neto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:35
  16. Insects are exposed to a wide range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses) and have interconnected powerful immune reactions. Although insects lack an acquired immune system they have well-...

    Authors: Eloi S Garcia, Daniele P Castro, Marcela B Figueiredo, Fernando A Genta and Patrícia Azambuja
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:33
  17. A wide range of unicellular eukaryotes have now been shown to undergo a form of programmed cell death (PCD) that resembles apoptosis; exhibiting morphological and, in some cases, biochemical markers typical of...

    Authors: Shashini C Arambage, Karen M Grant, Ian Pardo, Lisa Ranford-Cartwright and Hilary Hurd
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:32
  18. Since its discovery, HIV/AIDS has arguably captured more attention among the Chinese biomedical research community than most other infectious diseases. Traditional parasitic diseases, on the other hand, are pe...

    Authors: Li-Guang Tian, Peter Steinmann, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen and Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:31
  19. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco region of South America. The traditional spraying technique used for the application of pyrethroid insecticides has shown low efficiency i...

    Authors: Ivana Amelotti, Silvia S Catalá and David E Gorla
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:30
  20. The study aims to determine the role of domestic dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 villages along the River Rahad in eastern Sudan to...

    Authors: Mo'awia M Hassan, Omran F Osman, Fathi MA El-Raba'a, Henk DFH Schallig and Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:26
  21. Phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors of etiological agents of leishmaniases in several areas of the world. In the Neotropical Region, the biodiversity of these insects is more than other regions, probably du...

    Authors: José Dilermando Andrade Filho, Paula Cavalcante Lamy Serra e Meira, Cristiani de Castilho Sanguinette and Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:25
  22. Habitat fragmentation may result in the reduction of diversity of parasite communities by affecting population size and dispersal pattern of species. In the flood plain of the Yangtze River in China, many lake...

    Authors: Wen X Li, Pin Nie, Gui T Wang and Wei J Yao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:22
  23. Third-stage infective larvae (L3) of hookworms are in an obligatory state of developmental arrest that ends upon entering the definitive host, where they receive a signal that re-activates development. Recover...

    Authors: Joshua E Kiss, Xin Gao, Joseph M Krepp and John M Hawdon
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:21
  24. The control of onchocerciasis in the African region is currently based mainly on the mass drug administration of ivermectin. Whilst this has been found to limit morbidity, it does not stop transmission. In the...

    Authors: Daniel A Boakye, Eric Fokam, Anita Ghansah, Josef Amakye, Michael D Wilson and Charles A Brown
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:20
  25. Anopheles gambiae plant-sugar feeding was thought to be rare and physiologically optional. Unlike adult females, males have no alternative source of energy and soon die with only water, yet they might be competen...

    Authors: Richard E Gary Jr, James W Cannon III and Woodbridge A Foster
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:19
  26. Schistosoma mansoni uses Biomphalaria glabrata as an intermediate host during its complex life cycle. In the snail, the parasite initially transforms from a miracidium into a mother sporocyst and during this proc...

    Authors: Zahida Zahoor, Angela J Davies, Ruth S Kirk, David Rollinson and Anthony J Walker
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:18
  27. Rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the spotted fever group, suspected to cause a murine typhus-like illness in humans, with a cosmopolitan distribution. This study was designed t...

    Authors: Gioia Capelli, Fabrizio Montarsi, Elena Porcellato, Giulia Maioli, Carmelo Furnari, Laura Rinaldi, Gaetano Oliva and Domenico Otranto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  28. With the spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes, the combination of an insecticide (carbamate or organophosphate) with a repellent (DEET) is considered as a promising alternative strategy for the treatm...

    Authors: Julien Bonnet, Cédric Pennetier, Stéphane Duchon, Bruno Lapied and Vincent Corbel
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:17
  29. Canine leishmaniosis is a severe systemic disease caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania infantum, an obligatory intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine ...

    Authors: Valentina Foglia Manzillo, Rosa Paparcone, Silvia Cappiello, Roberta De Santo, Paolo Bianciardi and Gaetano Oliva
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  30. Ecological and climatic changes, human and animal population dynamics are among the several factors that have favoured the spread or the (re)introduction and establishment of "novel" vector species and pathoge...

    Authors: Domenico Otranto, Gioia Capelli and Claudio Genchi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

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