Articles

Assessing antibody decline after chemotherapy of early chronic Chagas disease patients

Chagas disease remains a significant public health problem in Latin America. There are only two chemotherapy drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, and both may have severe side effects. After complete chemothera...

Authors: Niamh Murphy, M. Victoria Cardinal, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Gustavo F. Enriquez, Natalia P. Macchiaverna, Alejandra Alvedro, Héctor Freilij, Pablo Martinez de Salazar, Israel Molina, Pascal Mertens, Quentin Gilleman, Ricardo E. Gürtler and Michael A. Miles

Functional implication of heat shock protein 70/90 and tubulin in cold stress of Dermacentor silvarum

The tick Dermacentor silvarum Olenev (Acari: Ixodidae) is a vital vector tick species mainly distributed in the north of China and overwinters in the unfed adult stage. The knowledge of the mechanism that underli...

Authors: Desmond O. Agwunobi, Tongxuan Wang, Meng Zhang, Tianhong Wang, Qingying Jia, Miao Zhang, Xinyue Shi, Zhijun Yu and Jingze Liu

Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals diverse clades of Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks from small mammals in 'Asir, Saudi Arabia

The ixodid tick genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis contain several species of medical and/or veterinary importance, but their diversity in some regions of the world remains under-explored. For instance, very ...

Authors: Samia Q. Alghamdi, Van Lun Low, Hadil A. Alkathiry, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili, John W. McGarry and Benjamin L. Makepeace

Orientia tsutsugamushi dynamics in vectors and hosts: ecology and risk factors for foci of scrub typhus transmission in northern Thailand

Scrub typhus is an important neglected vector-borne zoonotic disease across the Asia–Pacific region, with an expanding known distribution. The disease ecology is poorly understood, despite the large global bur...

Authors: Ivo Elliott, Neeranuch Thangnimitchok, Kittipong Chaisiri, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Piangnet Jaiboon, Nicholas P. J. Day, Daniel H. Paris, Paul N. Newton and Serge Morand

Molecular detection and maternal transmission of a bacterial symbiont Asaia species in field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes from Cameroon

Malaria control relies mainlyon insecticide-based tools. However, the effectiveness of these tools is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, highlighting the need for alternative c...

Authors: Claudine Grâce Tatsinkou Maffo, Maurice Marcel Sandeu, Amen Nakebang Fadel, Magellan Tchouakui, Daniel Nguiffo Nguete, Benjamin Menze, Michael O. Kusimo, Flobert Njiokou, Grant L. Hughes and Charles S. Wondji

The effect of geo-climatic determinants on the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a recently emerging focus in eastern Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been reported in recent years in South Khorasan Province, a desert region of eastern Iran, where the main species is Leishmania tropica. Little is known of the influence of geogra...

Authors: Mehdi Karamian, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Majid Shayesteh, Walter Robert Taylor, Saeed Mohebi-Nejad, Ghasem Taheri and Mohammad Reza Jamavar

Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis

Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. ame...

Authors: Fang Fang Xu, Yu Fei Niu, Wen Qing Chen, Sha Sha Liu, Jing Ru Li, Peng Jiang, Zhong Quan Wang, Jing Cui and Xi Zhang

Occurrence of juvenile Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in three regions in Poland: the final evidence of the conquest

Two populations of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (Western and Eastern) in Poland are among the most dynamic tick populations in Central Europe. Expansion and settlement of ticks in new localizations depend on the...

Authors: Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek, Ewa Julia Mierzejewska and Anna Bajer

Red foxes harbor two genetically distinct, spatially separated Echinococcus multilocularis clusters in Brandenburg, Germany

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a clinically serious zoonosis caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. We studied the diversity and the distribution of genotypes of E. multilocularis isolated from...

Authors: Mandy Herzig, Pavlo Maksimov, Christoph Staubach, Thomas Romig, Jenny Knapp, Bruno Gottstein and Franz J. Conraths

Evidence for the spread of the alien species Aedes koreicus in the Lombardy region, Italy

Aedes koreicus is a mosquito species characterized by marked anthropophilic behavior, and a potential vector of nematodes and viruses. It is native to East Asia, but its presence has recently been reported in man...

Authors: Agata Negri, Irene Arnoldi, Matteo Brilli, Claudio Bandi, Paolo Gabrieli and Sara Epis

Changes in porcine nutrient transport physiology in response to Ascaris suum infection

The roundworm Ascaris suum is one of the parasites with the greatest economic impact on pig farming. In this context, lower weight gain is hypothesized to be due to decreased nutrient absorption. This study aims ...

Authors: Sarina Koehler, Andrea Springer, Nicole Issel, Stefanie Klinger, Christina Strube and Gerhard Breves

Reduction of autofluorescence in whole adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum for immunofluorescence assay

Immunofluorescence assay is one of methods to understand the spatial biology by visualizing localization of biomolecules in cells and tissues. Autofluorescence, as a common phenomenon in organisms, is a backgr...

Authors: Qunfeng Wu, Zheng Feng and Wei Hu

Aedes aegypti: egg morphology and embryonic development

The diseases for which Aedes aegypti is a vector are worrisome. The high vector competence of this mosquito, as well as its anthropophilia and ability to adapt to the urban environment, allows it to exploit many ...

Authors: Ana Paula Miranda Mundim-Pombo, Hianka Jasmyne Costa de Carvalho, Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro, Marisol León, Durvanei Augusto Maria and Maria Angélica Miglino

Bartonella spp. seroprevalence in tick-exposed Swedish patients with persistent symptoms

Bartonella spp. are emerging pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors, possibly including ticks. We have investigated signs of bartonellosis in Swedish patients with presumed tick-bite exposure and symptom dura...

Authors: Marie Edvinsson, Camilla Norlander, Kenneth Nilsson, Andreas Mårtensson, Elisabet Skoog and Björn Olsen

A transcription factor DAF-5 functions in Haemonchus contortus development

Abnormal dauer formation gene (daf-5), located downstream of the DAF-7 signalling pathway, mainly functions in dauer formation and reproductive processes in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Althou...

Authors: Wenda Di, Fangfang Li, Li He, Chunqun Wang, Caixian Zhou, Lu Liu, Lisa Ye, Jian Chen and Min Hu

MiR-279-3p regulates deltamethrin resistance through CYP325BB1 in Culex pipiens pallens

The overuse of insecticides to control insect vectors has promoted extensive insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. In this study, the functions of microRNA (miR)-279-3p and its target CYP325BB1 in the regulation ...

Authors: Xixi Li, Shengli Hu, Hongbo Zhang, Haitao Yin, Huan Wang, Dan Zhou, Yan Sun, Lei Ma, Bo Shen and Changliang Zhu

An update on the mosquito fauna and mosquito-borne diseases distribution in Cameroon

The expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya in the past 15 years has ignited the need for active surveillance of common and neglected mosquito-borne infectious diseas...

Authors: Roland Bamou, Marie Paul Audrey Mayi, Borel Djiappi-Tchamen, Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo, Elysée Nchoutpouen, Antony John Cornel, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Phillipe Parola, Timoléon Tchuinkam and Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio

Correction to: Real-time PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissue samples of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy reveals high prevalence and parasite load

Authors: Mario Santoro, Maurizio Viscardi, Giovanni Sgroi, Nicola DʼAlessio, Vincenzo Veneziano, Roberta Pellicano, Roberta Brunetti and Giovanna Fusco

Effect of domperidone (leisguard®) on antibody titers, inflammatory markers and creatinine in dogs with leishmaniosis and chronic kidney disease

Immunotherapeutic drugs, such as domperidone, have been shown to be promising treatments against canine leishmaniosis (CanL), but limited data are available. The aim of this pilot study (therapeutic, prospecti...

Authors: Maria Alfonsa Cavalera, Floriana Gernone, Annamaria Uva, Paola D’Ippolito, Xavier Roura, Saverio Paltrinieri and Andrea Zatelli

Model-based assessment of the safety of community interventions with primaquine in sub-Saharan Africa

Single low-dose primaquine (SLD-PQ) is recommended in combination with artemisinin-based combination therapy to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission in areas threatened by artemisinin resistance or aiming fo...

Authors: Stijn W. van Beek, Elin M. Svensson, Alfred B. Tiono, Joseph Okebe, Umberto D’Alessandro, Bronner P. Gonçalves, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley and Rob ter Heine

Phylogenetic relationships of the nematode subfamily Phascolostrongylinae from macropodid and vombatid marsupials inferred using mitochondrial protein sequence data

The subfamily Phascolostrongylinae (Superfamily Strongyloidea) comprises nematodes that are parasitic in the gastrointestinal tracts of macropodid (Family Macropodidae) and vombatid (Family Vombatidae) marsupi...

Authors: Tanapan Sukee, Ian Beveridge, Anson V. Koehler, Ross Hall, Robin B. Gasser and Abdul Jabbar

Oviposition of Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) under laboratory conditions with notes on the developmental life history traits of its immature stages

Culicoides insignis is a confirmed vector of bluetongue virus (BTV) throughout the American tropics and a possible vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in Florida. Despite its importance, fundamen...

Authors: Dinesh Erram and Nathan Burkett-Cadena

Biotinylation of the Neospora caninum parasitophorous vacuole reveals novel dense granule proteins

Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that invades host cells and replicates within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), which resists fusion with host cell lysosomal compartments. To modify the PV,...

Authors: Congshan Yang, Chenrong Wang, Jing Liu and Qun Liu

Sugar prevalence in Aedes albopictus differs by habitat, sex and time of day on Masig Island, Torres Strait, Australia

Sugar feeding is a fundamental behaviour of many mosquito species. For Aedes albopictus, an important vector of dengue virus and chikungunya virus, little is known about its sugar-feeding behaviour, and no studie...

Authors: T. Swan, E. Ritmejerytė, B. Sebayang, R. Jones, G. Devine, M. Graham, F. A. Zich, K. M. Staunton, T. L. Russell and T. R. Burkot

The potential risk of enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission inside four training and re-training military battalions (BITER) in Colombia

Colombia’s National Army is one of the largest military institutions in the country based on the number of serving members and its presence throughout the country. There have been reports of cases of acute or ...

Authors: Omar Cantillo-Barraza, Jeffer Torres, Carolina Hernández, Yanira Romero, Sara Zuluaga, Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas, Giovanny Herrera, Omaira Rodríguez, María Teresa Alvarado, Juan David Ramírez and Claudia Méndez

Chemical composition and the insecticidal activity of Aeollanthus pubescens leaf essential oil against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto

The excessive use of synthetic insecticides is responsible for many cases of resistance in insects. Therefore, the use of natural molecules of ecological interest with insecticidal properties is an alternative...

Authors: Roméo Barnabé Bohounton, Luc Salako Djogbénou, Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto, Oronce Sedjro-Ludolphe Dedome, Pierre Marie Sovegnon, Bruno Barea, Aristide Adomou, Pierre Villeneuve and Fidèle Paul Tchobo

Epidemiological features and spatial–temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in mainland China: a population-based surveillance study from 2004 to 2019

Although visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was largely brought under control in most regions of China during the previous century, VL cases have rebounded in western and central China in recent decades. The aim of t...

Authors: Zhou Guan, Can Chen, Chenyang Huang, Hongwei Zhang, Yiyi Zhou, Yuqing Zhou, Jie Wu, Zhengbin Zhou, Shigui Yang and Lanjuan Li

The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia

Irrigation schemes may result in subsequent changes in malaria disease dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity is essential to de...

Authors: Werissaw Haileselassie, Endalew Zemene, Ming-Chieh Lee, Daibin Zhong, Guofa Zhou, Behailu Taye, Alemayehu Dagne, Wakgari Deressa, James W. Kazura, Guiyun Yan and Delenasaw Yewhalaw

Australian mosquito assemblages vary between ground and sub-canopy habitats

The surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases is dependent upon understanding the bionomics and distribution of the vectors. Most studies of mosquito assemblages describe species abundance, richness ...

Authors: Boni F. Sebayang, Tanya L. Russell, Kyran M. Staunton, Michael Townsend, Christopher Paton, Tovi Lehmann and Thomas R. Burkot

Wild populations of malaria vectors can mate both inside and outside human dwellings

Wild populations of Anopheles mosquitoes are generally thought to mate outdoors in swarms, although once colonized, they also mate readily inside laboratory cages. This study investigated whether the malaria vect...

Authors: Ismail H. Nambunga, Betwel J. Msugupakulya, Emmanuel E. Hape, Issa H. Mshani, Najat F. Kahamba, Gustav Mkandawile, Daniel M. Mabula, Rukiyah M. Njalambaha, Emmanuel W. Kaindoa, Letus L. Muyaga, Marie R. G. Hermy, Frederic Tripet, Heather M. Ferguson, Halfan S. Ngowo and Fredros O. Okumu

Prevalence and risk factors for trypanosome infection in cattle from communities surrounding the Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda

Bovine trypanosomosis transmitted by tsetse flies is a major constraint to cattle health and productivity in all sub-Saharan countries, including Uganda. The objectives of this study were to determine the prev...

Authors: Daniel Kizza, Michael Ocaido, Anthony Mugisha, Rose Azuba, Sarah Nalule, Howard Onyuth, Simon Peter Musinguzi, Rodney Okwasiimire and Charles Waiswa

Correction to: Epidemiological and entomological studies of malaria transmission in Tibati, Adamawa region of Cameroon 6 years following the introduction of long-lasting insecticide nets

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Lionel Brice Feufack-Donfack, Elangwe Milo Sarah-Matio, Luc Marcel Abate, Aline Gaelle Bouopda Tuedom, Albert Ngano Bayibéki, Christelle Mafo Ngou, Jean-Claude Toto, Maurice Marcel Sandeu, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Lawrence Ayong, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Isabelle Morlais and Sandrine Eveline Nsango

Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum State, Central Sudan

The emergence of the Asian invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, has been identified in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan. This is the first report that confirms the geographical expansion of this urban...

Authors: Ayman Ahmed, Rua Khogali, Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour, Ryo Nakao and Bashir Salim

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in the village of Fortín Mbororé (Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina)

Intestinal parasites (IPs) are widely distributed worldwide and are one of the major contributors to gastrointestinal disease. Their prevalence is associated with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (...

Authors: Ernesto Candela, Carolina Goizueta, M. Victoria Periago and Carla Muñoz-Antoli

Experimental evidence for opposing effects of high deer density on tick-borne pathogen prevalence and hazard

Identifying the mechanisms driving disease risk is challenging for multi-host pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the tick-borne bacteria causing Lyme disease. Deer are tick reproduction ho...

Authors: Sara Gandy, Elizabeth Kilbride, Roman Biek, Caroline Millins and Lucy Gilbert

Toxoplasmosis is a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19 in the Czech and Slovak population: a preregistered exploratory internet cross-sectional study

Latent toxoplasmosis, i.e. a lifelong infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affects about a third of the human population worldwide. In the past 10 years, numerous studies have shown that infec...

Authors: Jaroslav Flegr

The specificity of Babesia-tick vector interactions: recent advances and pitfalls in molecular and field studies

Babesia spp. are protozoan parasites of great medical and veterinary importance, especially in the northern Hemisphere. Ticks are known vectors of Babesia spp., although some Babesia-tick interactions have not be...

Authors: Anna Bajer and Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek

Satellite-based modelling of potential tsetse (Glossina pallidipes) breeding and foraging sites using teneral and non-teneral fly occurrence data

African trypanosomiasis, which is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), is a threat to public health and a significant hindrance to animal production. Tools that can reduce tsetse densities and inte...

Authors: Stella Gachoki, Thomas Groen, Anton Vrieling, Michael Okal, Andrew Skidmore and Daniel Masiga

Practical guide for microscopic identification of infectious gastrointestinal nematode larvae in sheep from Sardinia, Italy, backed by molecular analysis

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are ubiquitous in small ruminant farming, representing a major health and production concern. Given their differences in pathogenicity and the current problems regarding anthel...

Authors: Stephane Knoll, Giorgia Dessì, Claudia Tamponi, Luisa Meloni, Lia Cavallo, Naunain Mehmood, Philippe Jacquiet, Antonio Scala, Maria Grazia Cappai and Antonio Varcasia

Vector competence of Aedes aegypti and screening for differentially expressed microRNAs exposed to Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes aegypti. Previous studies on Ae. aegypti from Jiegao (JG) and Mengding (MD) in Yunnan province, China have shown that these mosquitoes are able to tra...

Authors: Chunling Zhu, Yuting Jiang, Qianghui Zhang, Jian Gao, Chaojie Li, Chunxiao Li, Yande Dong, Dan Xing, Hengduan Zhang, Teng Zhao, Xiaoxia Guo and Tongyan Zhao

Relationship among bats, parasitic bat flies, and associated pathogens in Korea

Bats are hosts for many ectoparasites and act as reservoirs for several infectious agents, some of which exhibit zoonotic potential. Here, species of bats and bat flies were identified and screened for microor...

Authors: Haeseung Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Seung-Hun Lee, Jae-Ku Oem, Seon-Hee Kim, Hyesung Jeong, Yongkwan Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Oh-Deog Kwon and Dongmi Kwak

Full-length transcriptome analysis and identification of transcript structures in Eimeria necatrix from different developmental stages by single-molecule real-time sequencing

Eimeria necatrix is one of the most pathogenic parasites, causing high mortality in chickens. Although its genome sequence has been published, the sequences and complete structures of its mRNA transcripts remain ...

Authors: Yang Gao, Zeyang Suding, Lele Wang, Dandan Liu, Shijie Su, Jinjun Xu, Junjie Hu and Jianping Tao

Analysis of the spatial distribution of Aedes albopictus in an urban area of Shanghai, China

Aedes albopictus is a vector of major arboviral diseases and a primary pest in tropical and temperate regions of China. In most cities of China, the current monitoring system for the spread of Ae. albopictus is b...

Authors: Yibin Zhou, Hongxia Liu, Peien Leng, Jiang Zhu, Shenjun Yao, Yiyi Zhu and Huanyu Wu

Evaluating and strengthening the health system of Curaҫao to improve its performance for future outbreaks of vector-borne diseases

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika pose a significant challenge to health systems in countries they affect, especially countries with less developed healthcare systems. Therefor...

Authors: Vaitiare Mulderij-Jansen, Izzy Gerstenbluth, Ashley Duits, Adriana Tami and Ajay Bailey

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel haplotypes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis using a high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach

Anopheles sinensis is a dominant vector for malaria transmission in Asian countries. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutation-mediated knock-down resistance (kdr) has developed in many A. sinensis populations...

Authors: Ruoyao Ni, Nian Liu, Mei Li, Weiping Qian and Xinghui Qiu

Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen TPD52 between osteosarcoma and Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a parasite occurring worldwide that has been proven to have antitumour ability. However, studies on the antitumour effects of cross antigens between the tumour and T. spirali...

Authors: Tao-Tao Yue, Nan Zhang, Jian-Hua Li, Xiang-Yun Lu, Xiao-Cen Wang, Xin Li, Hong-Bo Zhang, Shu-Qin Cheng, Bo-Bo Wang, Peng-Tao Gong and Xi-Chen Zhang

Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T follicular helper cells during experimental Schistosoma japonicum infection

CD4⁺ T helper (Th) cells play critical roles in both host humoral and cellular immunity against parasitic infection and in the immunopathology of schistosomiasis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized...

Authors: Yumei Zhang, Yulong Wu, Hua Liu, Wenci Gong, Yuan Hu, Yujuan Shen and Jianping Cao

Population genetic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles minimus in Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA markers

The malaria vector Anopheles minimus has been influenced by external stresses affecting the survival rate and vectorial capacity of the population. Since An. minimus habitats have continuously undergone ecologica...

Authors: Kamonchanok Bunmee, Urusa Thaenkham, Naowarat Saralamba, Alongkot Ponlawat, Daibin Zhong, Liwang Cui, Jetsumon Sattabongkot and Patchara Sriwichai

Assessing the anti-resistance potential of public health vaporizer formulations and insecticide mixtures with pyrethroids using transgenic Drosophila lines

Insecticide resistance—and especially pyrethroid resistance—is a major challenge for vector control in public health. The use of insecticide mixtures utilizing alternative modes of action, as well as new formu...

Authors: Hang Ngoc Bao Luong, Arunas Damijonaitis, Ralf Nauen, John Vontas and Sebastian Horstmann

Use of transcriptional age grading technique to determine the chronological age of Sri Lankan Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are important vectors of human diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika. In Sri Lanka, they have been responsible for transmitting dengue virus. One of the most important pa...

Authors: Thilini Chathurika Weeraratne, S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne, Lisa Reimer, W. A. Priyanka P. de Silva and Charles S. Wondji