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  1. The canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, a filarioid nematode of dogs and other carnivores, is widespread in the USA and the world. Over 20 different mosquito species serve as intermediate hosts of D. immitis, b...

    Authors: Nicole A. Scavo, Italo B. Zecca, Caroline Sobotyk, Meriam N. Saleh, Sarah K. Lane, Mark F. Olson, Sarah A. Hamer, Guilherme G. Verocai and Gabriel L. Hamer
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:407
  2. The geniculatus clade, composed by the rufotuberculatus, lignarius, geniculatus and megistus groups, relates evolutionarily the species of the genus Panstrongylus and Nesotriatoma. Several studies have shown that...

    Authors: Yago Visinho dos Reis, Jader de Oliveira, Fernanda Fernandez Madeira, Amanda Ravazi, Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira, Denis Vinicius de Mello, Fabricio Ferreira Campos, Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira, João Aristeu da Rosa, Cleber Galvão and Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:403
  3. The sterile insect technique (SIT), which involves area-wide inundative releases of sterile insects to suppress the reproduction of a target species, has proven to be an effective pest control method. The tec...

    Authors: Danilo O. Carvalho, Rachel Morreale, Steven Stenhouse, Daniel A. Hahn, Maylen Gomez, Aaron Lloyd and David Hoel
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:402
  4. The apicomplexan haemoparasite Theileria equi, a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, is an established pathogen of significant welfare and economic concern within the Croatian equine population. A previous l...

    Authors: Robert Coultous, Jelena Gotić, Martine McCann, David Sutton, Relja Beck and Brian Shiels
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:401
  5. Eimeria stiedae parasitizes the bile duct, causing hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. Coccidiosis control using anticoccidials led to drug resistance and residues; therefore, vaccines are required as an alternative ...

    Authors: Jie Xiao, Ruoyu Zheng, Xin Bai, Jiayan Pu, Hao Chen, Xiaobin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Bo Jing, Xuerong Peng and Guangyou Yang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:400
  6. The aims of the present study were to evaluate and compare the efficacy of blood-feeding in phlebotomines through industrially processed membranes from the small intestine of pigs (used for the production of c...

    Authors: Yetsenia del Valle Sánchez Uzcátegui, Eduardo José Melo dos Santos, Edilson Rodrigues Matos, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos and Marinete Marins Póvoa
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:399
  7. Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is the most common ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. As a cause of flea allergy dermatitis and a vector for two genera of zoonotic pathogens (Bartonella and Rickettsia ...

    Authors: Charlotte Manvell, Hanna Berman, Benjamin Callahan, Edward Breitschwerdt, William Swain, Kelli Ferris, Ricardo Maggi and Erin Lashnits
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:398
  8. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents the main cause of mortality in dogs with leishmaniosis. Domperidone has recently been reported to improve kidney function in leishmaniotic dogs affected by CKD. Serum sy...

    Authors: Maria Alfonsa Cavalera, Floriana Gernone, Annamaria Uva, Rossella Donghia, Claudia Zizzadoro and Andrea Zatelli
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:397
  9. There are close similarities between the life-cycles of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) that causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and Taenia multiceps/Coenurus cerebralis that cause...

    Authors: Francesca Tamarozzi, Tito Kibona, William A. de Glanville, Tauta Mappi, Elly Adonikamu, Anande Salewi, Kennedy Misso, Venance Maro, Adriano Casulli, Azzurra Santoro, Federica Santolamazza, Blandina T. Mmbaga and Sarah Cleaveland
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:396
  10. The tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini, 1888) causes substantial economic and health losses in cattle production and is the main vector of Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmidae: Babesidae, Smit...

    Authors: Kauê Rodriguez Martins, Marcos Valério Garcia, Paulino Bonatte-Junior, Pâmella Oliveira Duarte, Barbara Guimarães Csordas, Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa, Namor Pinheiro Zimmermann, Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros and Renato Andreotti
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:395
  11. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause important intestinal diseases in ruminants. However, data on the distribution of these three protozoan pathogens in Tibetan sheep are...

    Authors: Fan Yang, Li Ma, Jing-min Gou, Hui-zhong Yao, Mei Ren, Bing-ke Yang and Qing Lin
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:394
  12. Women in early pregnancy infected by Toxoplasma gondii may have severe adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion and fetal malformation. The inhibitory molecule T cell immunoglobulin and mucin doma...

    Authors: Hongbing Xie, Zhidan Li, Guangmei Zheng, Chunyan Yang, Xianbing Liu, Xiaoyan Xu, Yushan Ren, Chao Wang and Xuemei Hu
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:393
  13. The recognition and delineation of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species can have broad implications for wildlife conservation, disease ecology and accurate estimates of biodiversity. Parasites are...

    Authors: Taylor B. Verrett, Paul W. Webala, Bruce D. Patterson and Carl W. Dick
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:392
  14. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by inflammation-related epithelial barrier damage in the intestinal tract. Helminth infection reduces autoimmune disease symptoms ...

    Authors: Jianling Bao, Wenjing Qi, Chang Sun, Mengxiao Tian, Hongjie Jiao, Gang Guo, Baoping Guo, Yuan Ren, Huajun Zheng, Yuezhu Wang, Mei Yan, Zhaoxia Zhang, Donald P. McManus, Jun Li and Wenbao Zhang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:391
  15. Environmental temperature is a key driver for the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens. Epidemiological models usually relate to temperature data from standardized weather stations, but these data may...

    Authors: Felix Gregor Sauer, Ellen Kiel and Renke Lühken
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:390
  16. Dengue is one of the common arboviral infections and is a public health problem in South East Asia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of dengue...

    Authors: Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Pravash Budhathoki, Bipana Gurung, Subash Subedi, Shishir Aryal, Anisha Basukala, Barun Aryal, Anurag Adhikari, Ayusha Poudel, Gopal Kumar Yadav, Mtanis Khoury, Binod Rayamajhee and Lok Bahadur Shrestha
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:389
  17. Effectively controlling heartworm disease—a major parasitic disease threatening animal health in the US and globally—requires understanding the local ecology of mosquito vectors involved in transmission. Howev...

    Authors: Lisa I. Couper and Erin A. Mordecai
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:388
  18. Recombinant antigens rK39 (based on kinesin sequence) and rK28 (comprising kinesin and HASPB sequences) are a mainstay of serological diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, their key epitopes and ...

    Authors: Poppy Simonson, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Sayda El-Safi and Michael A. Miles
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:387
  19. Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic parasitic disease characterized by cholangitis, biliary proliferation, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Our previous study showed that the e...

    Authors: Chao Yan, Na Xu, Man Liu, Zhihua Jiang, Jing Wu, Stephane Koda, Yu Chen, Beibei Zhang, Qian Yu, Yin-Hai Xu, Jian-Lin Wu and Kui-Yang Zheng
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:386
  20. Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and peopl...

    Authors: Li-Ying Wang, Min Qin, Laurent Gavotte, Wei-Ping Wu, Xixi Cheng, Jia-Xi Lei, Jun Yan and Roger Frutos
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:385
  21. Insecticide-based vector control interventions in combination with case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy has reduced malaria incidence and prevalence worldwide. Current control methods foc...

    Authors: Arega Tsegaye, Assalif Demissew, Dawit Hawaria, Hallelujah Getachew, Kassahun Habtamu, Abebe Asale, Guiyun Yan and Delenasaw Yewhalaw
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:384
  22. The amino acid transporter protein cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) is part of the nutrient sensor in the fat body of mosquitoes. A member of the SLC7 family of cationic amino acid transporters, it is ...

    Authors: Matthew Pinch, Theodore Muka, Yashoda Kandel, Mahesh Lamsal, Nathan Martinez, Marialuisa Teixeira, Dmitri Y. Boudko and Immo A. Hansen
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:383
  23. The presence of breeding sites and distribution of species of Simulium damnosum sensu lato are critical in understanding the epidemiology of onchocerciasis and evaluating the impact of elimination interventions. ...

    Authors: Franklin Ayisi, Naniogué Sedou, Stephanie Kouahou Dieunang, Florent Yaya, Edmond François Tchago, Cosmas Ejong Ndellejong, Benjamin Biholong and Daniel Adjei Boakye
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:382
  24. Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungu...

    Authors: Samuel K. Dadzie, Jewelna Akorli, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Koffi Mensah Ahadji-Dabla, Ibrahima Baber, Thierry Bobanga, Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary, Tiago Canelas, Luca Facchinelli, Adéritow Gonçalves, Moussa Guelbeogo, Basile Kamgang, Ibrahima Kalil Keita, Lucien Konan, Rebecca Levine, Nicole Dzuris…
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:381
  25. Microbial communities can affect disease risk by interfering with the transmission or maintenance of pathogens in blood-feeding arthropods. Here, we investigated whether bacterial communities vary between Ixodes ...

    Authors: Aleksandra Iwona Krawczyk, Sam Röttjers, Maria João Coimbra-Dores, Dieter Heylen, Manoj Fonville, Willem Takken, Karoline Faust and Hein Sprong
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:380
  26. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and polymerase delta (pold), respectively, have been used to...

    Authors: Emi Okamoto, Michiyo Tashiro, Pedro Ortiz, Uday Kumar Mohanta, Cristian Hobán, César A. Murga-Moreno, José M. Angulo-Tisoc and Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:379
  27. Hard ticks (Ixodidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens to a variety of hosts including humans. Transhumant herds have been involved in the spread of ticks and associated Rickettsia ...

    Authors: Muhammad Numan, Nabeela Islam, Muhammad Adnan, Sher Zaman Safi, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Marcelo B. Labruna and Abid Ali
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:378
  28. Leishmania parasites are deposited in the host through sand fly bites along with sand fly saliva. Therefore, salivary proteins are promising vaccine candidates for controlling leishmaniasis. Herein, two immunogen...

    Authors: Mahya Sadat Lajevardi, Tahereh Taheri, Elham Gholami, Negar Seyed and Sima Rafati
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:377
  29. Classification of the Acanthocephala, a clade of obligate endoparasites, remains unresolved because of insufficiently strong resolution of morphological characters and scarcity of molecular data with a suffici...

    Authors: Jin-Wei Gao, Xi-Ping Yuan, Hao Wu, Chuan-Yu Xiang, Min Xie, Rui Song, Zhong-Yuan Chen, Yuan-An Wu and Dong-Sheng Ou
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:376
  30. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector for dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses worldwide. The first record of Ae. aegypti in southwestern Saudi Arabia was in 1956. However, the first outb...

    Authors: Abadi M. Mashlawi, Ashwaq M. Al-Nazawi, Elsiddig M. Noureldin, Hussain Alqahtani, Jazem A. Mahyoub, Jassada Saingamsook, Mustapha Debboun, Martha Kaddumukasa, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi and Catherine Walton
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:375
  31. The study of behavioral and physiological traits in mosquitoes has been mainly focused on females since males are not hematophagous and thus do not transfer the parasites that cause diseases in human populatio...

    Authors: Jéssica Rodrigues Assunção Bezerra, Rafaela Vieira Bruno and Luciana Ordunha Araripe
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:374
  32. Despite being one of the most prevalent helminth parasitic zoonoses worldwide and particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable populations, toxocariasis remains to be fully investigated in persons experiencing...

    Authors: Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Anahi Chechia do Couto, Susana Zevallos Lescano, William Henry Roldán, Ruana Renostro Delai, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Alexander Welker Biondo, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam and Andrea Pires dos Santos
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:373
  33. Leishmaniosis, a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum, is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses in Europe. The transmission cycle of leishmaniosis is maintained by both domestic and wild anim...

    Authors: María Magdalena Alcover, Jacobo Giner, Judit Rabasedas, Xavier Roca-Geronés, Maite Verde, Antonio Fernández, Cristina Riera, Roser Fisa and Sergio Villanueva-Saz
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:372
  34. Sexual stage surface antigens are potential targets of transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs). The gametocyte and gamete surface antigen P230, a leading TBV candidate, is critical for red blood cell binding dur...

    Authors: Xin Zhao, Yubing Hu, Yan Zhao, Lin Wang, Zifang Wu, Myat Thu Soe, Myat Phone Kyaw, Liwang Cui, Xiaotong Zhu and Yaming Cao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:371
  35. For a long time known as the oriental eyeworm, Thelazia callipaeda is a zoonotic nematode that infects the eyes of a wide range of vertebrate hosts including dogs, cats, wildlife carnivores, lagomorphs, and human...

    Authors: Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Giovanni Sgroi, Riccardo Paolo Lia, Giulia Venegoni, Fabrizio Solari Basano, Roose Nele, Sean P. Mahabir, Stasia Borowski, Thomas Geurden and Domenico Otranto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:370
  36. The protein ferritin, which plays an important role in the maintenance of iron homeostasis, is indispensable for iron detoxification, resistance to oxidative stress and innate immunity. Ticks, which are obliga...

    Authors: Zhihua Gao, Peijing Zheng, Kuang Wang, Xin Ji, Yanqing Shi, Xuecheng Song, Jingze Liu, Zhijun Yu and Xiaolong Yang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:368
  37. Heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis, are known to be widespread in dogs and cats in the USA, but there have been no country-wide prevalence studies performed to date. There have also been no large-scale studies to de...

    Authors: Rachel Smith, Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Kelly Chenoweth, Subarna Barua, Patrick John Kelly, Lindsay Starkey, Byron Blagburn, Theresa Wood and Chengming Wang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:367
  38. Bartonella are intracellular bacteria that are transmitted via animal scratches, bites and hematophagous arthropods. Rodents and their associated fleas play a key role in the maintenance of Bartonella worldwide, ...

    Authors: Kayla J. Buhler, Champika Fernando, Janet E. Hill, Terry Galloway, Suzanne Carriere, Heather Fenton, Dominique Fauteux and Emily J. Jenkins
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:366
  39. There is presently no effective and safe vaccine for Toxoplasma gondii for humans. The study described here was designed to search for a novel group of optimal B cell and T cell epitopes from Toxoplasma membrane ...

    Authors: Xuan-Wu Li, Ni Zhang, Zhuo-Lin Li, Nouhoum Dibo, Zhen-Rong Ma, Bin Lu, Ye-Hong Huang, Yun-Feng Chang, Hong-Zhi Chen and Xiang Wu
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:364
  40. Snail control is critical to schistosomiasis control efforts in China. However, re-emergence of Oncomelania hupensis is challenging the achievements of schistosomiasis control. The present study aimed to test whe...

    Authors: Shen Chen, Ding Lu, Lei Duan, Ben Ma, Chao Lv, Yin-long Li, Shen-ning Lu, Lan-hua Li, Liang Xu, Zi-song Wu, Shang Xia, Jing Xu, Yang Liu and Shan Lv
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:363
  41. Babesia gibsoni is one of the causative agents of canine babesiosis worldwide. Some dogs infected with B. gibsoni show severe clinical signs with progressive anemia, hemoglobinuria and splenomegaly. However, most...

    Authors: Jiaying Guo, Furong Yang, Lingna Wang, Xuenan Xuan, Junlong Zhao and Lan He
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:362
  42. As climate variability and extreme weather events associated with climate change become more prevalent, public health authorities can expect to face an expanding spectrum of vector-borne diseases with increasi...

    Authors: Kimberlyn Roosa and Nina H. Fefferman
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:361
  43. Encystation is one of the two processes comprising the life cycle of Giardia lamblia, a protozoan pathogen with tetraploid genome. Giardia lamblia Myb2 (GlMyb2) is a distinct encystation-induced transcription fac...

    Authors: Juri Kim, Eun-Ah Park, Mee Young Shin and Soon-Jung Park
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:360
  44. The cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is a vector of pathogens causative of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, both highly lethal bovine diseases that affect cattle worldwide. In Ecdysozoa, neurop...

    Authors: Juan P. Wulff, Kevin B. Temeyer, Jason P. Tidwell, Kristie G. Schlechte, Kimberly H. Lohmeyer and Patricia V. Pietrantonio
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:359
  45. Limited evidence is available about the association between tropical cyclones and dengue incidence. This study aimed to examine the effects of tropical cyclones on the incidence of dengue and to explore the vu...

    Authors: Chuanxi Li, Zhe Zhao, Yu Yan, Qiyong Liu, Qi Zhao and Wei Ma
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:358
  46. Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis of increasing public health concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 19,300 lives and 871,000 disability-adjusted life-years are lost globally each ...

    Authors: Solomon Ngutor Karshima, Musa Isiyaku Ahmed, Nuhu Bala Adamu, Abdullahi Alhaji Magaji, Musa Zakariah and Konto Mohammed
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:357
  47. When Theileria annulata infects host cells, it undertakes unlimited proliferation as tumor cells. Although the transformed cells will recover their limited reproductive characteristics and enter the apoptosis pro...

    Authors: Hong-xi Zhao, Xia Li, Jun-long Liu, Gui-quan Guan and Xin-gang Dan
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:356
  48. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven or suspected vectors of several pathogens of importance, including leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and sand fly fevers. Although sand flies have a worldwide distribution, there ...

    Authors: John Hustedt, Didot Budi Prasetyo, Jodi M. Fiorenzano, Michael E. von Fricken and Jeffrey C. Hertz
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:355

    The Correction to this article has been published in Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:432

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