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Dipteran vectors and associated diseases

Subject Editors 
Fredros Okumu, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania 
Marco Pombi, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy


The Dipteran vectors and associated disease section publishes studies relating to the systematics, phylogenetics, identification (including new species descriptions), population genetics, bionomics, ecology, distribution, predictive mapping, diagnostics, surveillance and control of dipteran vectors and their associated diseases, particularly Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Glossina, Simulium, Culicoides and phlebotomines.

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  1. Mosquito species belonging to the genus Aedes have attracted the interest of scientists and public health officers because of their capacity to transmit viruses that affect humans. Some of these species were brou...

    Authors: Daniele Da Re, Wim Van Bortel, Friederike Reuss, Ruth Müller, Sebastien Boyer, Fabrizio Montarsi, Silvia Ciocchetta, Daniele Arnoldi, Giovanni Marini, Annapaola Rizzoli, Gregory L’Ambert, Guillaume Lacour, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Sophie O. Vanwambeke and Matteo Marcantonio
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:414
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  2. As climate variability and extreme weather events associated with climate change become more prevalent, public health authorities can expect to face an expanding spectrum of vector-borne diseases with increasi...

    Authors: Kimberlyn Roosa and Nina H. Fefferman
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:361
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The development of resistance against insecticides in Aedes aegypti can lead to operational failures in control programs. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal trends of this resistance is needed to drive effecti...

    Authors: Miriam Palomino, Jesus Pinto, Pamela Yañez, Anali Cornelio, Luciana Dias, Quesia Amorim, Ademir Jesus Martins, Audrey Lenhart and Jose Bento Pereira Lima
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:254
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Malaria control in Somaliland depends on the effective identification of potential malaria vectors, particularly those that may be invasive. The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has been detected in multiple co...

    Authors: Said Ali, Jeanne N. Samake, Joseph Spear and Tamar E. Carter
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:247
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  5. Fatty acids are the building blocks of complex lipids essential for living organisms. In mosquitoes, fatty acids are involved in cell membrane production, energy conservation and expenditure, innate immunity, ...

    Authors: Nunya Chotiwan, Carlos A. Brito-Sierra, Gabriella Ramirez, Elena Lian, Jeffrey M. Grabowski, Babara Graham, Catherine A. Hill and Rushika Perera
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:233
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. In the fight against mosquito-borne diseases, odour-based lures targeting gravid females represent a promising alternative to conventional tools for both reducing mosquito populations and monitoring pathogen t...

    Authors: Margaux Mulatier, Antoine Boullis and Anubis Vega-Rúa
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:228
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. Malaria vector control using insecticide-based approaches has proven to be an effective strategy. However, widespread insecticide resistance among malaria vector populations across sub-Saharan Africa threatens...

    Authors: Justin Kumala, Lizette L. Koekemoer, Maureen Coetzee and Themba Mzilahowa
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:220
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Vector control is considered to be the most successful component of malaria prevention programs and a major contributor to the reduction of malaria incidence over the last two decades. However, the success of ...

    Authors: Stravensky Térence Boussougou-Sambe, Tamirat Gebru Woldearegai, Ange Gatien Doumba-Ndalembouly, Barclaye Ngossanga, Romuald Beh Mba, Jean Ronald Edoa, Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou, Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji, Ulysse Ateba Ngoa, Jean Claude Dejon-Agobé, Steffen Borrmann, Peter G. Kremsner, Benjamin Mordmüller and Ayôla A. Adegnika
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:217
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The exact number of mosquito species relevant to human health is unknown, posing challenges in understanding the scope and breadth of vector–pathogen relationships, and how resilient mosquito vector–pathogen n...

    Authors: Donald A. Yee, Catherine Dean Bermond, Limarie J. Reyes-Torres, Nicole S. Fijman, Nicole A. Scavo, Joseph Nelsen and Susan H. Yee
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:216
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. Classically, dogs have been considered to be the only reservoir of leishmaniasis in urban areas. However, in a previous study, we found a 33.3% prevalence of Leishmania infantum in the spleens of Norway rats (Rat...

    Authors: María Teresa Galán-Puchades, Jennifer Solano, Gloria González, Antonio Osuna, Jordi Pascual, Rubén Bueno-Marí, Sandra Franco, Víctor Peracho, Tomás Montalvo and Màrius V. Fuentes
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:211
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  11. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the principal cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in human populations within Asia. If introduced into new geographic areas, it could have further implications for public ...

    Authors: Luis M. Hernández-Triana, Arran J. Folly, Sanam Sewgobind, Fabian Z. X. Lean, Stuart Ackroyd, Alejandro Nuñez, Sarah Delacour, Andrea Drago, Patrizia Visentin, Karen L. Mansfield and Nicholas Johnson
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:210
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The implementation of anti-larval strategies in the fight against malaria vectors requires fundamental knowledge of their oviposition sites. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal distrib...

    Authors: Donald Hessou-Djossou, Innocent Djègbè, Koffi Mensah Ahadji-Dabla, Odilon M. Nonfodji, Geneviève Tchigossou, Rousseau Djouaka, Sylvie Cornelie, Luc Djogbenou, Martin Akogbeto and Fabrice Chandre
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:207
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Invasive mosquito species (IMS) and their associated mosquito-borne diseases are emerging in Europe. In Belgium, the first detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) occurred in 2000 and of Aedes japonicus japoni...

    Authors: Isra Deblauwe, Katrien De Wolf, Jacobus De Witte, Anna Schneider, Ingrid Verlé, Adwine Vanslembrouck, Nathalie Smitz, Julie Demeulemeester, Thomas Van Loo, Wouter Dekoninck, Meryam Krit, Maxime Madder, Ruth Müller and Wim Van Bortel
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:206
    Content type: Review Published on:

  14. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti. It is prevalent on five continents, predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical zones across the world. Wolbachia bacteria have been...

    Authors: Muhammad Sajjad Sarwar, Nusrat Jahan, Azeem Ali, Hafiz Kamran Yousaf and Iqra Munzoor
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:191
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Every year, more than 700,000 people die from vector-borne diseases, mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. Vector surveillance plays a major role in the control of these diseases and requires accurate and rapid ta...

    Authors: María I. González-Pérez, Bastian Faulhaber, Mark Williams, Josep Brosa, Carles Aranda, Nuria Pujol, Marta Verdún, Pancraç Villalonga, Joao Encarnação, Núria Busquets and Sandra Talavera
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:190
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Changes in host phenotype following parasite infection are often considered as host manipulation when they seem advantageous for the parasite. However, putative cases of host manipulation by parasites are rare...

    Authors: Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo, Romain Pigeault, Julie Isaïa, Jérôme Wassef, Molly Baur, Olivier Glaizot and Philippe Christe
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:187
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  17. Yeast-encapsulated orange oil (YEOO) is a novel, ingestible larvicide that combines the benefits of a low-cost essential oil with yeast, an attractive food source for mosquito larvae. In this work, we investig...

    Authors: Patrick H. Kelly, Alexandra V. Yingling, Anwar Ahmed, Ivy Hurwitz and Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:183
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. About two out of three Ethiopians are at risk of malaria, a disease caused by the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Anopheles stephensi, an invasive vector typically found in South Asia and th...

    Authors: Elizabeth Waymire, Sowmya Duddu, Solomon Yared, Dejene Getachew, Dereje Dengela, Sarah R. Bordenstein, Meshesha Balkew, Sarah Zohdy, Seth R. Irish and Tamar E. Carter
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:178
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  19. In the eco-epidemiological context of Japanese encephalitis (JE), geo-environmental features influence the spatial spread of the vector (Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Giles 1901) density, vector infection, and JE case...

    Authors: Mei-De Liu, Chun-Xiao Li, Jing-Xia Cheng and Tong-Yan Zhao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:171
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Malaria remains one of the most devastating diseases globally, and the control of mosquitoes as the vector is mainly dependent on chemical insecticides. Elevated temperatures associated with future warmer clim...

    Authors: Thomas Peprah Agyekum, John Arko-Mensah, Paul Kingsley Botwe, Jonathan Nartey Hogarh, Ibrahim Issah, Samuel Kweku Dadzie, Duah Dwomoh, Maxwell Kelvin Billah, Thomas Robins and Julius Najah Fobil
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:163
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Different trapping devices and attractants are used in the mosquito surveillance programs currently running in Europe. Most of these devices target vector species belonging to the genera Culex or Aedes, and no st...

    Authors: Michela Bertola, Diletta Fornasiero, Sofia Sgubin, Luca Mazzon, Marco Pombi and Fabrizio Montarsi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:160
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The city of Guangzhou has been the epicenter of dengue fever in China since the 1990s, with Aedes albopictus being the primary vector. The main method used to control vectors and prevent dengue fever has been the...

    Authors: Xueli Zheng, Zihao Zheng, Shanshan Wu, Yong Wei, Lei Luo, Daibin Zhong and Guofa Zhou
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:156
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Myanmar is one of the six countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) of Southeast Asia. Malaria vectors comprise many Anopheles species, which vary in abundance and importance in malaria transmission among d...

    Authors: Daibin Zhong, Pyae Linn Aung, Maung Maung Mya, Xiaoming Wang, Qian Qin, Myat Thu Soe, Guofa Zhou, Myat Phone Kyaw, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Liwang Cui and Guiyun Yan
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:155
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The lack of information on behavioural patterns of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus has become a significant limitation in vector control and disease management programmes. Therefore, the current study was focu...

    Authors: Rasika Dalpadado, Deepika Amarasinghe, Nayana Gunathilaka and Nalin Ariyarathna
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:148
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Vector-borne diseases are on the rise on a global scale, which is anticipated to further accelerate because of anthropogenic climate change. Resource-limited regions are especially hard hit by this increment w...

    Authors: Juliane Hartke, Friederike Reuss, Isabelle Marie Kramer, Axel Magdeburg, Isra Deblauwe, Reshma Tuladhar, Ishan Gautam, Meghnath Dhimal and Ruth Müller
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:145
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. The primary disease vectors for dengue virus (DENV) transmission between humans are the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, with Ae. aegypti population size strongly correlated with DENV outbreaks. Whe...

    Authors: Lie Cheng, Wei-Liang Liu, Matthew P. Su, Shu-Chen Huang, Jen-Ren Wang and Chun-Hong Chen
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:137
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  27. Mosquito control is currently the main tool available to contain the spread of several arboviruses in Brazil. We have evaluated the association between entomological surveys of female adult Aedes aegypti and the ...

    Authors: Maisa Carla Pereira Parra, Camila Lorenz, Margareth Regina Dibo, Bruno Henrique Gonçalves de Aguiar Milhim, Marluci Monteiro Guirado, Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira and Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:133
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. The insect endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is being deployed in field populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti for biological control. This microbe prevents the replication of human disease-causing viruses ins...

    Authors: Austin J. Mejia, H. L. C. Dutra, M. J. Jones, R. Perera and E. A. McGraw
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:128
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Anautogenous mosquitoes commonly consume nectars and other solutions containing sugar but are thought to only produce eggs in discrete gonadotrophic cycles after blood-feeding on a vertebrate host. However, so...

    Authors: Ruby E. Harrison, Kangkang Chen, Lilith South, Ange Lorenzi, Mark R. Brown and Michael R. Strand
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:127
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Insecticide-treated net (ITN) durability is evaluated using longitudinal bioefficacy and fabric integrity sampling post-distribution. Interceptor® G2 was developed for resistance management and contains two adult...

    Authors: Ummi Abdul Kibondo, Olukayode G. Odufuwa, Saphina H. Ngonyani, Ahmadi B. Mpelepele, Issaya Matanilla, Hassan Ngonyani, Noel O. Makungwa, Antony P. Mseka, Kyeba Swai, Watson Ntabaliba, Susanne Stutz, James W. Austin and Sarah Jane Moore
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:124
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Improved understanding of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance may yield new opportunities for control of relevant disease vectors. In this current study, we investigated the quantification responses ...

    Authors: Mas Azlin M. Akhir, Mustafa F. F. Wajidi, Sébastien Lavoué, Ghows Azzam, Izhan Shahrin Jaafar, Noor Aslinda Ummi Awang Besar and Intan H. Ishak
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. This article presents an overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. It first briefly summarises some of the disease-causing pathogens vectored by insects and...

    Authors: Norman A. Ratcliffe, João P. Furtado Pacheco, Paul Dyson, Helena Carla Castro, Marcelo S. Gonzalez, Patricia Azambuja and Cicero B. Mello
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:112
    Content type: Review Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Parasites & Vectors 2024 17:405

  33. There is a pressing need to improve understanding of how insecticide resistance affects the functional performance of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Standard WHO insecticide resistance monitoring assays are ...

    Authors: Priscille Barreaux, Jacob C. Koella, Raphael N’Guessan and Matthew B. Thomas
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:111
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. In Brazil, malaria is concentrated in the Amazon Basin, where more than 99% of the annual cases are reported. The main goal of this study was to investigate the population structure and genetic association of ...

    Authors: Marcus Vinicius Niz Alvarez, Diego Peres Alonso, Samir Moura Kadri, Paulo Rufalco-Moutinho, Isabella Ariadne Ferrari Bernardes, Ana Carolina Florindo de Mello, Ana Carolina Souto, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Marta Moreno, Dionicia Gamboa, Joseph M. Vinetz, Jan E. Conn and Paulo E. M. Ribolla
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:106
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. To develop an effective malaria vector intervention method in forested international border regions within the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), more in-depth studies should be conducted on local Anopheles species ...

    Authors: Canglin Zhang, Chunhai Luo, Rui Yang, Yaming Yang, Xiaofang Guo, Yan Deng, Hongning Zhou and Yilong Zhang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894), which is native to Southeast Asia, is among the top 100 invasive species worldwide and one of the most troubling vector species. It has become established i...

    Authors: Federico Romiti, Riccardo Casini, Adele Magliano, Arianna Ermenegildi and Claudio De Liberato
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:92
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Despite the eradication of malaria across most European countries in the 1960s and 1970s, the anopheline vectors are still present. Most of the malaria cases that have been reported in Europe up to the present...

    Authors: Michela Bertola, Matteo Mazzucato, Marco Pombi and Fabrizio Montarsi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:88
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. This study explored the effect of a continuous mitigation and containment strategy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on five vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in China from 2020 to 2021.

    Authors: Xiangyu Guo, Chenjin Ma, Lan Wang, Na Zhao, Shelan Liu and Wangli Xu
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Dengue is endemic in the Philippines. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector. This study aimed to determine the hatching behavior and viability of Ae. aegypti first-generation (F1) eggs when exposed to temperature a...

    Authors: Frances Edillo, Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong, Alyssa Angel Bolneo, Ric Jacob Hernandez, Bianca Louise Fuentes, Garren Cortes, Joseph Cabrera, Jose Enrico Lazaro and Anavaj Sakuntabhai
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), transmitted by tsetse flies, is arguably the main disease constraint to integrated crop-livestock agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, and African heads of state and governme...

    Authors: Lassane Percoma, Jean Baptiste Rayaissé, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Zakaria Bengaly, Sié Hermann Pooda, Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, Rasmané Ganaba, Adama Sow, Rafael Argilés, Jérémy Bouyer, Moussa Ouedraogo, Weining Zhao, Massimo Paone, Issa Sidibé, Ouedraogo/Sanon Gisele and Giuliano Cecchi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Aedes aegypti is one of the most important vectors of zoonotic diseases worldwide, and its survival and reproductive processes depend heavily on its olfactory system. In this study, the expression levels of all o...

    Authors: Meng Ni, Teng Zhao, Hui-xin Lv, Man-jin Li, Dan Xing, Tong-yan Zhao and Chun-xiao Li
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Proper vector surveillance relies on the ability to identify species of interest accurately and efficiently, though this can be difficult in groups containing cryptic species. Culicoides Latreille is a genus of s...

    Authors: Phillip Shults, Megan Moran, Alexander J. Blumenfeld, Edward L. Vargo, Lee W. Cohnstaedt and Pierre-Andre Eyer
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Releasing considerable numbers of radiation-sterilized males is a promising strategy to suppress mosquito vectors. However, releases may also include small percentages of biting females, which translate to non...

    Authors: Riccardo Moretti, Elena Lampazzi, Claudia Damiani, Giulia Fabbri, Giulia Lombardi, Claudio Pioli, Angiola Desiderio, Aurelio Serrao and Maurizio Calvitti
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Malaria is one of the most lethal infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Paratransgenesis using symbiotic bacteria offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy to com...

    Authors: Hossein Dehghan, Seyed Hassan Mosa-Kazemi, Bagher Yakhchali, Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, Hassan Vatandoost and Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Vector control is the main intervention used to control arboviral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes because there are no effective vaccines or treatments for most of them. Control of Aedes mosquitoes relie...

    Authors: Christopher M. Owusu-Asenso, Julius A. A. Mingle, David Weetman and Yaw A. Afrane
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a recurring threat to tropical countries, mainly due to the abundance and distribution of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is a vector of the Zika, deng...

    Authors: Rêgila Mello do Nascimento, Thais Bonifácio Campolina, Barbara Aparecida Chaves, Jessica Lana Fernandes Delgado, Raquel Soares Maia Godoy, Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta and Nagila Francinete Costa Secundino
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:57
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  48. Plasmodium ovale is a neglected malarial parasite that can form latent hypnozoites in the human liver. Over the last decade, molecular surveillance studies of non-falciparum malaria in Africa have highlighted tha...

    Authors: Brian B. Tarimo, Vincent O. Nyasembe, Billy Ngasala, Christopher Basham, Isaack J. Rutagi, Meredith Muller, Srijana B. Chhetri, Rebecca Rubinstein, Jonathan J. Juliano, Mwajabu Loya, Rhoel R. Dinglasan, Jessica T. Lin and Derrick K. Mathias
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:56
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  49. Cameroon is considering the implementation of indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a complementary measure to control malaria in the context of high pyrethroid resistance in major malaria vectors. Non-pyrethroid ...

    Authors: Achille Jerome Binyang, Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille, Billy Tene-Fossog, Cyrille Ndo, Lynda Nouage, Tatiane Assatse, Yvan Fotso-Toguem, Raymond Tabue, Francis Zeukeng, Daniel Nguete Nguiffo, Josiane Etang, Flobert Njiokou and Charles S. Wondji
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Vector-borne diseases are a major burden to public health. Controlling mosquitoes is considered the most effective way to prevent vector-borne disease transmission. Mosquito surveillance is a core component of...

    Authors: André B. B. Wilke, Chalmers Vasquez, Augusto Carvajal, Maday Moreno, William D. Petrie and John C. Beier
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

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